The high prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) necessitates acquiring early detection tools that can lead to appropriate interventions for children and assist children in performing as many life functions as possible. In addition, early detection tools for ASD can realize quality early childhood development. This study aims to review various types of assessments for early detection of ASD in children using the literature review method. The following articles are from the website https://eric.ed.gov/ as search engine for scientific articles. Using the keywords “autism spectrum disorder assessment tools” and “early detection for autism,” then peer-reviewed only and year filters since 2018, 2,829 articles were found. Then from the identified articles, they are re-elected based on title, abstract, and time of publication to produce 16 articles whose early detection tool was tested on more than 50 participants and began at the earliest possible age. The results show that various screening and diagnostic tools for ASD prioritize areas such as social communication, behavioral problems, emotional problems, sensory regulatory issues, and engagement issues. The instrument’s limitations, which include an expensive price, a lengthy process, the need for expert involvement, and cultural differences, create a growing gap that must be bridged immediately.
The current study presents an overview of studies investigating educational research instruments development. This study only discusses similar topics in instrument development. The instrument discussed is the assessment of perspective on inclusive education. This research adopted a literature review approach. There are seven research stages: beginning the article, relevant literature identification, review structuring, tone structuring, tense structuring, theoretical development, and evaluating. The current study indicates four main steps in the research and development method: data collection, planning, initial product development, and validation. Simultaneously, the revision or feedback process must be integrated with each step. Research and development is a cycle, so the product development results must be continuously reviewed to remain appropriate and solve current problems. Thus, with the sustainable instrument development method, ideas and innovations in education can be realized.
This short article aims to provide an understanding that there are several points of view about individuals with special needs. Some of these points of view may differ in defining individuals with special needs. So that the optimization of a felicitous life for individuals with special needs may not match what they actually need.
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