The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in cattle and sheep from the North Pioneer mesoregion of the state of Paraná. For this, 317 stool samples were collected from cattle and sheep on 16 properties in six municipalities in the North Pioneer mesoregion of Paraná. For detection of Cryptosporidium species, molecular analysis was performed using nested-PCR techniques targeting the 18S rRNA gene. Of the 37 beef cows and 115 calves analyzed, four (10.8%) and 14 (12.2%), respectively, were positive for Cryptosporidium. Of the 12 cows and 52 calves, one (8.3%) and 14 (26.9%), respectively, were positive for Cryptosporidium; and of the 42 ewes and 59 lambs, six (14.3%) and 12 (20.3%), respectively were positive for Cryptosporidium. Cattle (15.3%) and sheep (17.8%) were both susceptible to infection. All the properties of the municipalities of Assaí, Ibaiti and, Leópolis presented infected animals. The study showed that Cryptosporidium occurs in most municipalities assessed, that dairy calves had a higher risk (Odds Ratio=2,66, p-value=0,018) for infection than beef calves, and that sheep are just as susceptible to infection as are cattle, and that further Cryptosporidium studies are developed.

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of ivermectin (3.15%) on gastrointestinal nematodes found in calves through the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), and larval culture in 16 animals from a school farm at the Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná. The animals were divided into two experimental groups: animals treated with ivermectin 3.15% (G1 group) and control animals (G2 group). Stool samples were collected from the animals twice i.e., on days 0 and 10 for fecal examinations. There was no significant change in the egg count per gram of feces (EPG) in both the groups. Helminths were found to be resistant to ivermectin (3.15%), due to the observed 5.62% FECRT rate. Cooperia was found to be the dominant nematode larvae present (53% on day 10 day and 8% in day 0), while Trichostrongylus was detected in small numbers (0% on day 0 to 1 % on day 10). The drug was found to be effective only in Trichuris, while the same was inefficient against Haemonchus and Cooperia, although Trichostrongylus and Oesophagostomum were found to be 100 % resistant. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that ivermectin 3.15% should not be used for the control of nematodes in calves, since most of the parasites demonstrated drug resistance. This is the first report on the resistance of Haemonchus, Cooperia, Trichostrongylus, and Oesophagostomum in cattle to ivermectin 3.15% in the state of Paraná. Key words: Anthelmintic resistance, bovine, macrocyclic lactone ResumoObjetivou-se, neste estudo, analisar o efeito da ivermectina (3,15%) sobre nematódeos gastrointestinais de bezerros com aptidão leiteira por meio do Teste de Redução na Contagem de Ovos nas Fezes (RCOF) e da cultura de larvas em 16 animais da Fazenda Escola da Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná. Para tanto, dois grupos experimentais foram formados: animais tratados com ivermectina 3,15% (grupo G1) e grupo controle (Grupo G2). Foram coletadas amostras de fezes dos animais em dois momentos, ou seja, nos dias 0 e 10 para realização dos exames coproparasitológicos. Não houve alteração significativa na contagem de ovos nas fezes (OPG) em ambos os grupos. Os helmintos foram considerados resistentes à ivermectina 3,15%, já que a taxa de RCOF foi de 5,62%. O gênero de nematódeo mais observado na cultura de larvas foi Cooperia (53% no dia 10 a 88% no dia zero) e o menos foi Trichostrongylus (0% no dia zero a 1% no dia 10). Observou-se eficiência apenas sobre o gênero Trichuris e ineficiência sobre os gêneros Haemonchus e Cooperia e ainda 100% de resistência dos gêneros Oesophagostomum e Trichostrongylus. Concluiu-se neste estudo que a ivermectina 3,15% não deve ser indicada no controle de

Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious and non-contagious disease caused by bluetongue virus (BTV) belonging to the genus Orbivirus. It is transmitted by a hematophagous vector, Culicoides sp., to ruminants, particularly to sheep, which are most susceptible to this disease. The main serological tests are agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), which is recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), and the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), which has the advantage of no cross-reaction with other orbiviruses. The aim was to compare the results of these two tests by conducting them on sera collected from sheep in the state of Paraná, Brazil. From March to October 2017, serum samples were collected from 270 sheep from 10 farms in six mesoregions of Paraná. The samples were subjected to AGID and cELISA to detect antibodies against BTV. Based on the test results, we classified the sheep as low, moderate, and high occurrence. The results demonstrated that 64.81% (175/270) of the sheep were seropositive through the cELISA test, showing a high occurrence, and 41.11% (111/270) were seropositive through the AGID test, indicating a moderate occurrence. The concordance between the tests was moderate (0.51) as determined by the Kappa coefficient. Among the studied farms, 90% (9/10) presented at least one seropositive sheep, and the number of animals tested positive by the cELISA test was higher than those by the AGID test. Favorable climate, which favors the presence and multiplication of the culicoid vector and the occurrence of infection, was the biggest predominant factor responsible for the obtained results. The low occurrence in farms with milder climate suggest that the presence of antibodies also occurs due to the low pathogenicity of circulating serotypes in the different mesoregions studied. It is concluded that BTV infection is present in the sheep herds in Paraná, and the occurrence was moderate detected by AGID test and high detected by cELISA test.

Considerado como um dos principais agentes das tripanossomíases, Trypanosoma evansi causa uma doença genericamente conhecida como "surra" e de ampla distribuição geográfica. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar o perfil eletroforético das proteínas de fase aguda de caprinos experimentalmente infectados com este hematozoário. Para tal, foram utilizadas dez fêmeas caprinas, com vários graus de mestiçagem, com idade aproximada de 4 meses, clinicamente sadias e sorologicamente negativas para a presença de anticorpos anti-T. evansi (Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta - RIFI). Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1 (G1): seis animais inoculados via intravenosa com 2,38 x 10(6) tripomastigotas de T. evansi e grupo 2 (G2): quatro animais utilizados como testemunhos. O sangue para a obtenção do soro foi obtido diariamente até o 14º dia após a inoculação (DAI), semanalmente até o 98º DAI e quinzenalmente até o 364º DAI. O fracionamento das proteínas foi obtido por em gel de poliacrilamida contendo duodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS- PAGE). Vinte e uma proteínas foram encontradas nos soros caprinos. Destas, oito foram nominalmente identificadas; fosforilase, transferrina, albumina, antitripsina, glicoproteína ácida, haptoglobina, hemoglobina e imunoglobulina de cadeia leve.

RESUMO: Este estudo avaliou o status do cálcio sérico em 39 vacas com deslocamento de abomaso (DA), provenientes de 30 propriedades leiteiras selecionadas, na região de Campos Gerais no Paraná. O diagnóstico do deslocamento de abomaso foi realizado por percussão auscultatória, além dos sinais clínicos e informações da anamnese. Previamente ao procedimento cirúrgico, amostras de sangue foram coletadas para a mensuração dos níveis sanguíneos de cálcio, albumina, proteína e glicose. Como grupo controle, amostras de sangue foram coletadas de vacas hígidas que se encontravam em semelhante período de lactação. Das 39 vacas com deslocamento de abomaso, 35 apresentaram hipocalcemia e no grupo controle, apenas um animal. Concentrações sanguíneas de glicose e proteína foram inferiores nos animais com DA, quando comparados com animais do grupo controle.

The present review aims to show the main aspects related to bluetongue virus (BTV) infection in sheep. The bluetongue (BT) is a viral, infectious, and non-contagious disease caused by a virus (BTV) of the Orbivirus genus, transmited by a hematophagous vector of the Culicoides genus, to domestic and wild ruminants, mainly to sheep, the most susceptible species. It is caused by the association of endemic with climate conditions, with high temperatures and humidity. Economic loss is directly linked to death, abortion, weight loss, loss of milk, and meat production, and, indirectly, to the restriction on the export of animals and their by-products. The study concludes that the BTV is worldwidely spread, and probably persists due to the warm and humid climate that leads to the proliferation of Culicoides sp., being necessary to adopt measures that reduce the risk factors associated to the BTV infection.

RESUMO.O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o comportamento das enzimas creatina quinase (CK) e aspartato amino transferase (AST) antes e imediatamente após o desafio das provas atléticas de apartação e três tambores e a influência do sexo. Foram utilizados 41 equinos da raça Quarto de Milha, sendo 20 animais destinados à prova de apartação e 21 animais para a prova de três tambores. Amostras de sangue foram obtidas dos animais duas horas antes das provas e no máximo cinco minutos após para determinação das enzimas. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a atividade sérica das enzimas CK e AST foi significativamente mais elevada após as provas de apartação e três tambores e que os valores de AST foram mais elevados nas fêmeas e os valores séricos de CK foram menores nos machos não castrados em relação aos machos e às fêmeas.Palavras chave: bioquímica sérica, cavalos, enzimas musculares, exercício.Serum activities of aspartate amino transferase, creatine kinase in equine subjected two competitions ABSTRACT. The present study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the enzymes creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) before and immediately after Team Penning and Barrel race competitions and the influence of sex. Were used 41 Quarter Horses, with 20 animals for Team Penning competition and 21 for Barrel race. Blood samples were obtained from animals two hours before and five minutes after the race for enzymes determination. The results showed that the serum CK and AST activity were significantly higher after the exercises. The serum AST activity was higher in female and the serum activity was lower in castrated males compared to non-castrated males and females.Keywords: serum biochemistry, muscular enzyme, exercise, equine. IntroduçãoA avaliação do desempenho dos cavalos atletas é fundamental para o reconhecimento de suas habilidades e a intensidade de exercício mais adequada em diferentes fases de treinamento. O exercício causa alterações reversíveis na ultraestrutura do músculo esquelético equino, como elevações na permeabilidade do sarcolema e das proteínas musculares, como creatina quinase (CK), aspartato amino transferase (AST) e mioglobina que são liberadas na circulação (Mc Cutcheon et al., 1992).

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