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Sweet sorghum was investigated to an alternate feedstock for fuel ethanol production. juices from 4 sorghum varieties (BRS 506, BRS 508, BRS 509, BRS 511 and BRS); all developed by Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation) Maize and Sorghum) were evaluated for sugar, starch and nutrient contents and theoretical ethanol yields. The levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, starch and sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) were measured weekly over a period of 70 days. Fermentations were performed using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BRS 508, BRS 509 and BRS 511 showed potential to be useful for industrial applications for maturities exceeding 30 days. BRS 511 showed the highest sugar production, with levels higher than 140 g/L during the majority of the experiment and reaching a maximum of 191 g/L. All varieties showed similar behaviors with respect to nutrient content, which was characterized by a decrease in nutrient concentrations over the period analyzed. Juice from BRS 508 was successfully fermented within 8 h with a productivity (9.0 g/L h) and yield (90.5% of theoretical) similar to those observed for sugar cane juice.

Dentre as doenças cardiovasculares, o Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio (IAM) apresenta os maiores índices de morbimortalidade no Brasil e no mundo. Com o advento da pandemia de COVID-19, acredita-se que o isolamento social e as modificações na organização e funcionamento dos sistemas de saúde tenham impactado nos atendimentos cardiológicos. Assim, esse estudo se propõe a analisar o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 nos internamentos e na taxa de mortalidade por IAM no Brasil e em suas regiões. Trata-se de estudo ecológico, realizado pelos Sistemas de Informações Hospitalares e de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas e epidemiológicas, internamentos, óbitos e taxa de mortalidade, nos anos de 2019 e 2020. No Brasil, em 2019, foram internados 132.173 pacientes por IAM, dos quais 52,0% foram a óbito. Em 2020, registrou-se 118.372 internamentos e 21,5% de óbitos por IAM, refletindo em queda da proporção de internamentos e óbitos (10,4% e 58,7%, respectivamente). Em ambos os anos, observou-se maior prevalência entre homens (59,1% e 60,1%), idosos (78,0% e 77,9%), brancos (48,7% e 53,2%) cujo atendimento aconteceu em caráter de urgência (95,7% e 95,2%). A taxa de mortalidade mostrou-se superior em 2019 quando comparada a 2020 (48,8 versus 18,0, p<0,001). Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, no Brasil, houve redução dos internamentos por IAM, sem alteração no perfil sociodemográfico e epidemiológico dos pacientes que foram a óbito, sendo estes mais prevalentes entre homens, idosos, brancos, atendidos em caráter de urgência, residentes na região Sudeste do país. Além disso, evidenciou-se expressiva queda na taxa de mortalidade.

Generally, pancreatic polypeptide-secreting tumor of the distal pancreas (PPoma) is classified as a rare tumor, and may occur sporadically or be associated in families or with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (NEM 1). It grows slowly, reaching large dimensions at the time of diagnosis and the symptomatology is fundamentally due to the mass effect, causing either non-specific abdominal pain or symptoms suggestive of obstruction of the pancreatic or biliary duct. Therefore, when detected, they are usually malignant, with metastases mainly in the liver. The combination of serum analysis of increased levels of chromogranin A and pancreatic polypeptide and pancreastatin is very useful with a sensitivity of up to 95%. However, in addition, scintigraphicexams with somatostatin analogues should be performed to better clarify the diagnosis. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice, despite surgical difficulty and because they are generally palliative due to the metastases. Surgeries for tumor volume reduction are also performed to relieve symptoms. Chemotherapy commonly uses streptozotocin and somatostatin analogues to treat residual disease. Unfortunately, the survival rates are still very low, less than 10%, and if metastases already exist, this percentage drops to 3%.

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CONTEXT: Age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes have been extensively documented, and several concurrent diseases may underlie multiple drug therapy in the elderly. As a result, the risk of adverse drug reactions and drug interactions increases among aged patients. However, only a few studies have compared the prescribing patterns for different age groups of hospitalized patients or have evaluated the effect of age on drug prescription. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of drug prescriptions for elderly inpatients, with those for non-elderly inpatients, in order to assess age-related differences in the number of prescribed drugs, drug choices and prescribed doses, and to evaluate the prescription appropriateness for the elderly patients. TYPE OF STUDY: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: 400-bed tertiary care general teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: All inpatients on one day of June 1995, except for the Intensive Care Unit and for the Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology. PROCEDURES: All medicines prescribed to the eligible patients on the study day were recorded from the prescription sheets provided by the hospital pharmacy. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Name, therapeutic class, and mean daily dose of the prescribed drugs. RESULTS: Of the 273 eligible inpatients, 46.5% were 14-44 years old, 33% were 45-64 years old and 20.5% were > 64 years old. Cancer was significantly more frequent among the elderly. The mean number of prescribed drugs was five for all age groups. The five most prescribed drugs for all patients were dipyrone, ranitidine, dipyrone in a fixed-dose combination, metoclopramide and cefazolin. The elderly had significantly more prescriptions for insulin, furosemide and enoxaparin. For most drugs, the mean prescribed dose showed that there was no dose adjustment for elderly patients, and drug choices for this age group were sometimes questionable. CONCLUSIONS: There was little variation in the prescribing patterns for the elderly when compared with the other age strata.

This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the scientific research that approaches Reverse Logistics (RL) from the perspective of Performance Evaluation (PE). For this purpose, ProKnow-C was used to select 21 articles to compose a Bibliographical Portfolio (BP). Among the results, we mention Govindan, Sarkis, Zhu and Lai as prominent authors. By analyzing the articles, it was perceived that most of them perform the RL and PE fields separately and present tools that consider the alignment of the indicators with the strategy. Also, the articles lack of a structured PE process that could serve as a subsidy to the practice of logistics management. The results present that there is a theoretical gap in the literature of a PE model of RL.