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Competency-based education (CBE) is an innovative advance in higher education that organizes academic content or delivery according to competencies, what a student knows and can manage, rather than conforming to a more traditional system. CBE offers students the chance to use past experiences, skills, and knowledge to complete a course, get a degree, or complete the training needed to pursue their goals. Student debt is increasing, and academic institutions must transform to accommodate the needs of the new students. Originally only found at for-profit institutions, a greater number of non-profit universities are adopting competency-based education because it offers delineated learning outcomes and appeals to student's experiences. Online competency-based education can provide a method to decrease failure in completion, the flexibility of the program can work with a student's schedule. Global demands for virtual options are making it difficult for traditional universities to resist the online phenomenon. The development of online competency-based programs requires new approaches to the curriculum design process. One proven method of CBE instruction was implemented at a medical school in Ohio, USA. The formula used is outlined in this paper, allowing others to design their own. The benefits to the student include the ability to test out of the material they are familiar with and focus only on the new material. The school will still require the student to take the course, so revenue is not lost, and they get the benefit of helping their students. In an era when recruitment stems from word of mouth, the adoption of this method will encourage others to join the program.

Traditional group meeting style in an organizational setting is a common platform for collaborative decision-making. This setting can be disruptive and fraught with bias, resulting in unhealthy conflict and failure to accomplish the goals of the meeting. The outcome of said meetings can offer false representation of support for a given decision. The author sought out to devise a new decision-making model that will attempt to remove unwanted bias from the decision-making process. Common attributes that result in bias include the lack of information and under time constraints, decisions made without enough background information and in a perceived limited time frame. The makeup of the organization meetings with supervisors, subordinates, mentors can create bias when votes are verbal, not anonymous. This paper explores problems with group decision-making and why the current method provides a false representation of support. Current methods for group decision making are defined and include the Naturalistic Decision-Making model, Multi-Attribute Utility Analysis, and Decision Analysis. The Nominal Group and Delphi techniques are explored as options available, but not successful in this situation. Based on the current models, techniques, and the needs of the organization meetings, a successful alternative to decision-making in a group environment is characterized and explained.

Although there was no direct connection between rehabilitation programs and crime rates, analysis and data suggested that these programs were efficient in many cases and were contributing to a decline in crime rate when implemented successfully. Addiction is defined as a physio-psychological health dysfunction characterized by compulsively craving drugs, alcohol, chemicals or any other substance that may cause harm to our bodies. It is also referred to as a "chronic state of brain disease" that may result from irrelevant use of some drugs or any other substance. Addiction and deaths related to addiction in the United States have both drastically increased during the last decade. A small portion of addicts seek medical help or rehabilitation programs, and this is the base of the problem. Whereas, the majority of addicts were more likely to be involved in crimes and offenses as a result of their addiction. The data available have found that a high prevalence of criminals was reported to be under addiction while committing the crime. This is explained by the fact that the intention of criminals to commit aggression was to get money for drugs. Further studies and researches are needed to elaborate the long-term effect of these programs and aftercare recommendations to be suggested. It's also considerable to estimate the viability of accurate statistics and addiction awareness campaigns and surveys in the United States. The focus of this review is to highlight the feasibility of rehabilitation therapies in reducing crime rates among addicts and the consequential life quality advancement.