An account of modernization and technological innovation in nineteenth-century Brazil that provides a distinctly Brazilian perspective. Existing scholarship on the period describes the beginnings of Brazilian modernization as a European or North American import dependent on foreign capital, transfers of technology, and philosophical inspiration. Promoters of modernization were considered few in number, derivative in their thinking, or thwarted by an entrenched slaveholding elite hostile to industrialization. Teresa Cribelli presents a more nuanced picture. Nineteenth-century Brazilians selected among the transnational flow of ideas and technologies with care and attention to the specific conditions of their tropical nation. Studying underutilized sources, Cribelli illuminates a distinctly Brazilian vision of modernization that challenges the view that Brazil, a nation dependent on slave labor for much of the nineteenth century, was merely reactive in the face of the modernization models of the North Atlantic industrializing nations.
In the nineteenth century, members of the Rio de Janeiro-based Sociedade Auxiliadora da Industria Nacional promoted the development of new agro-industrial commodities from Brazil's native forests as substitutes for expensive foreign imports. Influenced by late colonial scientists and reformers who followed the political economy of Carl Linnaeus, the society turned a Portuguese imperial project of economic revitalisation into a vision for developing the nation's post-independence economy. For society members, Brazil's ‘industrial forests’ were essential for economic independence and defined the new nation's place in an emerging global capitalist system.
O artigo tem como objetivo analisar as ideias sobre o Pan-americanismo que estiveram presentes na organização e execução da Exposição Internacional Pan-Americana de Búfalo, Nova Iorque, realizada em 1901. Sendo recorrentemente lembrada pelo assassinato do presidente William McKinley por um anarquista durante a Exposição, ela representou uma exibição das ideias imperialistas presentes na perspectiva pan-americana, demonstrando também os seus limites. Essa exposição foi caracterizada pela utilização da eletricidade e do uso de cores que demonstravam a pujança tecnológica e a abundância de recursos naturais do continente, atribuindo-se a ela a designação de “rainbow city”. Ela foi marcada ainda pelo forte apelo às ideias evolucionistas, esboçadas no percurso de suas avenidas. Nesse sentido, procura-se traçar aqui os principais ideais que conduziram a ação da Companhia da Exposição Pan-Americana na organização do evento.
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