The prompt spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19) subsequently adorns a big threat to the people around the globe. The evolving and the perpetually diagnosis of coronavirus has become a critical challenge for the healthcare sector. Drastically increase of COVID-19 has rendered the necessity to detect the people who are more likely to get infected. Lately, the testing kits for COVID-19 are not available to deal it with required proficiency, along with-it countries have been widely hit by the COVID-19 disruption. To keep in view the need of hour asks for an automatic diagnosis system for early detection of COVID-19. It would be a feather in the cap if the early diagnosis of COVID-19 could reveal that how it has been affecting the masses immensely. According to the apparent clinical research, it has unleashed that most of the COVID-19 cases are more likely to fall for a lung infection. The abrupt changes do require a solution so the technology is out there to pace up, Chest X-ray and Computer tomography (CT) scan images could significantly identify the preliminaries of COVID-19 like lungs infection. CT scan and X-ray images could flourish the cause of detecting at an early stage and it has proved to be helpful to radiologists and the medical practitioners. The unbearable circumstances compel us to flatten the curve of the sufferers so a need to develop is obvious, a quick and highly responsive automatic system based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) is always there to aid against the masses to be prone to COVID-19. The proposed Intelligent decision support system for COVID-19 empowered with deep learning (ID2S-COVID19-DL) study suggests Deep learning (DL) based Convolutional neural network (CNN) approaches for effective and accurate detection to the maximum extent it could be, detection of coronavirus is assisted by using X-ray and CT-scan images. The primary experimental results here have depicted the maximum accuracy for training and is around 98.11 percent and for validation it comes out to be approximately 95.5 percent while statistical parameters like sensitivity and specificity for training is 98.03 percent and 98.20 percent respectively, and for validation 94.38 percent and 97.06 percent respectively. The suggested Deep Learning-based CNN model

The convolutional neural network (CNN) has become a powerful tool in machine learning (ML) that is used to solve complex problems such as image recognition, natural language processing, and video analysis. Notably, the idea of exploring convolutional neural network architecture has gained substantial attention as well as popularity. This study focuses on the intrinsic various CNN architectures: LeNet, AlexNet, VGG16, ResNet-50, and Inception-V1, which have been scrutinized and compared with each other for the detection of lung cancer using publicly available LUNA16 datasets. Furthermore, multiple performance optimizers: root mean square propagation (RMSProp), adaptive moment estimation (Adam), and stochastic gradient descent (SGD), were applied for this comparative study. The performances of the three CNN architectures were measured for accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, false omission rate, negative predictive value, and F1 score. The experimental results showed that the CNN AlexNet architecture with the SGD optimizer achieved the highest validation accuracy for CT lung cancer with an accuracy of 97.42%, misclassification rate of 2.58%, 97.58% sensitivity, 97.25% specificity, 97.58% positive predictive value, 97.25% negative predictive value, false omission rate of 2.75%, and F1 score of 97.58%. AlexNet with the SGD optimizer was the best and outperformed compared to the other state-of-the-art CNN architectures.

As web services are dynamic in natures, the process of maintenance and evolution is rapid for web services. In order to verify the impact of changes, retesting of web services is required. Testing of web services is difficult because only web service provider has the source code and both web service user and broker have WSDL specification of the service. In this paper we have extended an existing specification based regression testing of web services approach. Both original and modified WSDL specifications are compared for identification of operation level changes. Our regression test selection approach is safe as all the relevant test cases are selected as reusable.

Lung cancer is the most dangerous and death-causing disease indicated by the presence of pulmonary nodules in the lung. It is mostly caused by the instinctive growth of cells in the lung. Lung nodule detection has a significant role in detecting and screening lung cancer in Computed tomography (CT) scan images. Early detection plays an important role in the survival rate and treatment of lung cancer patients. Moreover, pulmonary nodule classification techniques based on the convolutional neural network can be used for the accurate and efficient detection of lung cancer. This work proposed an automatic nodule detection method in CT images based on modified AlexNet architecture and Support vector machine (SVM) algorithm namely LungNet-SVM. The proposed model consists of seven convolutional layers, three pooling layers, and two fully connected layers used to extract features. Support vector machine classifier is applied for the binary classification of nodules into benign and malignant. The experimental analysis is performed by using the publicly available benchmark dataset Lung nodule analysis 2016 (LUNA16). The proposed model has achieved 97.64% of accuracy, 96.37% of sensitivity, and 99.08% of specificity. A comparative analysis has been carried out between the proposed LungNet-SVM model and existing stateof-the-art approaches for the classification of lung cancer. The experimental results indicate that the proposed LungNet-SVM model achieved remarkable performance on a LUNA16 dataset in terms of accuracy.

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment and increasing patient survival rates. Artificial intelligence techniques can play a significant role in the early detection of lung cancer. Various methods based on machine learning and deep learning approaches are used to detect lung cancer. This research works aims to develop automated methods to accurately identify and classify lung cancer in CT scans by using computational intelligence techniques. The process typically involves lobe segmentation, extracting candidate nodules, and classifying nodules as either cancer or non-cancer. The proposed lung cancer classification uses modified U-Net based lobe segmentation and nodule detection model consisting of three phases. The first phase segments lobe using CT slice and predicted mask using modified U-Net architecture and the second phase extracts candidate nodule using predicted mask and label employing modified U-Net architecture. Finally, the third phase is based on modified AlexNet, and a support vector machine is applied to classify candidate nodules into cancer and non-cancer. The experimental results of the proposed methodology for lobe segmentation, candidate nodule extraction, and classification of lung cancer have shown promising results on the publicly available LUAN16 dataset. The modified AlexNet-SVM classification model achieves 97.98% of accuracy, 98.84% of sensitivity, 97.47% of specificity, 97.53% of precision, and 97.70% of F1 for the classification of lung cancer.