The objective of this paper is to present the application of equivalent single layer (ESL) approach for the ultimate strength assessment of ship hull girder in the context of numerical finite element (FE) simulations. In the ESL approach, the stiffened panel is replaced with a single plate, which has the equivalent stiffness of the original panel. Removal of tertiary stiffening elements from the numerical model facilitates time-savings in pre-processing and FE analysis stage. The applicability of ESL approach is demonstrated with two case studies, one compartment model and full-sized double hull tanker model in intact and damaged conditions. The damage extents are determined based on the international association of classification societies from common structural rules (IACS-CSR) for oil tanker. Ship hull girder is exposed to distributed pressure with the sinusoidal shape that bends the hull girder. This pressure load is applied separately to bottom and side structures to obtain the vertical and horizontal bending moments of the hull girder, respectively. Ultimate strength predictions obtained from ESL approach are compared to full three-dimensional finite element method (3D FEM) and IACS incremental-iterative method. The comparison between different methods is provided in terms of longitudinal bending moment and cross sectional stress distribution. Overall, ESL approach yields good agreement compared to the 3D FEM results in predicting the ultimate strength of ship hull girder while providing up to 3 times computational efficiency and ease of modeling.
Stabilitas menjadi syarat utama kapal yang laik layar. Artikel ini memuat analisa gerakan rolling pada kapal bulk carrier yang mengalami kebocoran ketika dikenai beban gelombang dengan sudut heading 90⁰ dan 270⁰ dan tinggi gelombang maksimum. Kapal berada pada kondisi muatan full load saat simulasi dan analisa dilakukan dengan skenario terjadi kebocoran pada ruang muatnya. Karena kapal dengan kebocoran kompartemen mengalami kondisi trim dan oleng maka hasil gerakan rolling menunjukkan perbedaan pada setiap arah datang gelombang. 3D diffraction panel method digunakan untuk mendapatkan gerakan rolling kapal sebagai fungsi waktu. Hasil penelitian tanpa efek sloshing menunjukkan bahwa kapal bulk carrier memiliki resiko tenggelam jika terdapat kebocoran pada dua ruang muatnya.
The ship collision case is an accident involving ship to ship damage or a ship damage only. An approach carried out to determine the effect of ship collision is by using numerical methods. Usually, an experiment method is used to verify the result of numerical method with the same model. The numerical method is based on the fundamental theories of explicit dynamics which the response of contact model is presented by time series. The ship and ground models are modeled in finite element software package. In order to obtain the same result between simulation and real condition, the ship is applied move forward to ground model. The internal energy is captured so that the stiffness of striking ship construction can be measured from this result. The ground model is assumed by using rigid body which means that the deflection and stress during simulation is neglected. From the result, it can be concluded that the effects of bulkhead position is in the 4.0 m from forepeak of ship. This position has considered that the ground model does not touch the bulkhead.
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