The study was conducted to investigate traditional practices for the usage of medicinal plants to protect commonly occurred human disease. 41 respondents were randomly selected for questionnaires and healers were used for secondary data source as they had indigenous knowledge. Around the study area there were about 75 medicinal plant species were found. A number of botanicals have been used by people where the study was occurred and mostly the respondents have said medicinal plants crashed and taken in oral to minimizing the headache, stomach pain, gastric and Diarrhea, moreover these botanical were traditionally accepted to take as an alternative way to be treated from different infectious disease. More of leave of medicinal plants were used for traditional treatment as it is simple to be used either in the form of crushed or directly chewing. In the preset study Herbs were mostly usable for traditional treatments as compared with small and large trees. Healers were people who had Indigenous Knowledge or they were experienced to select traditional medicinal plants from their natural habit; additionally, they are recognized by local people as traditional doctor who can give the appropriate treatment for commonly occurred infectious among people.
This experiment was conducted to determine possibilities of synergism among insecticidal plants against Z. subfasciatus with a view of augmenting potency and reducing dosage rates. Leaf and seed powders of five insecticidal plants, namely Jatropha curcas (L.), Datura stramonium (L.), Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.), Schinus molle (L.) and Azadrachta indica (A. Juss) were mixed to 1% and 2%w/w unitary and binary formulations. The synthetic insecticide primiphos methyl at the rate of 0.1/100 gm grain dust and untreated grains were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Most binary formulation had better efficacy than their constituent unitary formulation especially at lower dosage rates. Synergistic combination of botanical powders resulted in highest adult mortality, F 1 progeny reduction and lowest weevil perforation index and weight loss comparable to chemical standard primiphos methyl. Among the botanical combinations, bean seeds treated with binary formulation of C. ambrosioides with D. stramonium, J. curcas and S. molle gave the best efficacy in controlling Z. subfasciatus. A. indica+C. ambrosioides 3.00 ± 1.73f 92.78 ± 3.89a 10.50 ± 5.44e 0.05 ± 0.05c A. indica+D. stramonium 4.33 ± 2.19e 91.67 ± 4.19a 7.00 ± 3.76e 0.17 ± 0.13c A. indica+J. curcas 3.33 ± 0.33f 92.59 ± 1.21a 10.45 ± 1.38e 0.18 ± 0.12c A. indica+S. molle 7.33 ± 0.88e 83.15 ± 4.38b 18.90 ± 2.49d 1.13 ± 0.11b C. ambrosioides+D. stramonium 1.33 ± 0.88f 97.59 ± 1.45a 3.04 ± 1.63e 0.00 ± 0.00c C. ambrosioides+J. curcas 1.67 ± 0.33f 96.48 ± 0.49a 4.49 ± 1.23e 0.00 ± 0.00c C. ambrosioides+S. molle 0.00 ± 0.00f 100.00 ± 0.00a 0.00 ± 0.00g 0.00 ± 0.00c D. stramonium+J. curcas 7.67 ± 1.20e 83.15 ± 3.05b 8.63 ± 1.54e 0.18 ± 0.09c D. stramonium+S. molle 8.00 ± 1.15e 82.59 ± 2.59b 12.17 ± 1.73e 0.35 ± 0.10c J. curcas+S. molle 4.67 ± 1.20e 90.37 ± 1.03a 12.02 ± 0.84e 0.22 ± 0.09c Primiphos methyl 0.33 ± 0.33f 99.26 ± 0.74a 1.19 ± 1.19f 0.04 ± 0.04c Control (untreated) 47.00 ± 7.00a 0.00 ± 0.00f 50.00 ± 0.00a 1.5 ± 0.41a 1% w/w 2% w/w A. indica 96.67 ± 1.12a* 95.00 ± 2.46a C. ambrosioides 98.75 ± 0.65a 97.92 ± 0.96a D. stramonium 97.08 ± 1.14a 97.50 ± 0.75a J. curcas 95.42 ± 1.14a 97.92 ± 0.74a S. molle 98.75 ± 0.65a 97.08 ± 1.68a A. indica+C. ambrosioides 96.67 ± 1.98a 96.67 ± 1.55a A. indica+D. stramonium 95.00 ± 1.51a 96.67 ± 1.67a A. indica+J. curcas 92.50 ± 1.90a 97.08 ± 1.79a A. indica+S. molle 97.92 ± 0.94a 96.67 ± 1.12a C. ambrosioides+D. stramonium 92.92 ± 1.99a 94.58 ± 2.42a C. ambrosioides+J. curcas 97.50 ± 1.44a 99.17 ± 0.56a C. ambrosioides+S. molle 96.25 ± 1.52a 97.50 ± 1.44a D. stramonium+J. curcas 94.58 ± 1.68a 98.33 ± 0.94a D. stramonium+S. molle 95.42 ± 1.44a 97.92 ± 1.14a J. curcas+S. molle 93.33 ± 1.88a 95.83 ± 1.72a Primiphos methyl 98.33 ± 0.71a 98.33 ± 0.71a Control (untreated) 97.92 ± 0.96a 97.92 ± 0.96a F-value 2.03 0.69 P-value P=0.5308 P=0.7992 * Means followed by the same letter within a column are not significantly different using Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test (P<0.05). The data was analyzed by ANOVA using GLM proce...
Mexican bean weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman, is a significant pest of stored beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that causes considerable loss in the quality and quantity of bean grain in Africa. In the past two to three decades, researchers have attempted to identify botanicals with better insecticidal potential against storage pests. However, there is a lack of information on the potency of botanical combinations, their toxicology, and optimal application rates. This study was conducted to examine the bioefficacy of unitary and binary botanical combinations of Jatropha curcas (L.), Datura stramonium (L.), Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.), Schinus molle (L.), and Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) against Z. subfasciatus at 1% and 2% w/w dosages. The insecticidal activities of the botanicals were measured based on their effect on adult mortality of Z. subfasciatus and progeny reduction, grain weight loss, and weevil perforation index. Among botanical admixtures, binary combinations of C. ambrosioides + D. stramonium, J. curcas + C. ambrosioides, and S. molle + C. ambrosioides were the most potent. They resulted in the highest mortality of Z. subfasciatus, low weevil perforation index or none, and grain weight loss at the most moderate test dosage (1% w/w). Treatment with C. ambrosioides resulted in the highest efficacy when applied individually. We failed to observe any notable difference in toxicity between dosage levels among the binary botanical combinations. However, the effectiveness of unitary formulations improved with the increase in dosage rate. Application of botanicals did not adversely affect bean seed germination. Our study suggests that botanicals in binary mixtures may enhance the potency of constituent components for effective control of Z. subfasciatus.
Garlic (Allium sativium L.) is the major food and cash crop in the highland regions of Ethiopia. However, farmers are not integrated into the garlic breeding process. The objectives of this assessment were to identify farmers’ key garlic production constraints and establish preferred traits in garlic cultivar development in the two woredas of Sidama Region (Ethiopia). A participatory rural appraisal (PRA) study was conducted through a structured survey involving 36 households in Malga and Gorche woredas. A structured survey used a questionnaire which was administered to farmers to collect information on key production constraints, varieties of garlic seed used for production, seed source etc., according to the assessment result of this study, the cultivar used for garlic production is the local variety in the two woredas. Hence, the most important garlic production constraints are lack of high yielding cultivars, garlic disease and insects. To conclude active farmer participation in early breeding stages is critical for a successful garlic breeding program. Based on the assessment it is possible to recommend that high yielder garlic variety, disease tolerance, insect resistant and cultivars having high dry matter content are the most important parameters preferred by farmers, which helps them to produce maximum products and serve as a source of income to many rural farmers.
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