The study is intended for forest farmers who need to make a mathematically sound and objective decision on the choice of technological operations and technical means for forest restoration. Currently, in studies implementing the forest landscapes restoration approach from the point of view of technology and the use of technical devices (FLR technology), there is some discreteness and fragmentation of the issues. There is a need for a comprehensive study of FLR technology using frontier techniques and devices, and the construction of a single technological FLR algorithm. Preliminary analysis indicates a sharp increase in the number of operational sets from nine for the implementation of the classical technological FLR algorithm to 268 in the first approximation when implementing the proposed algorithm. The FLR algorithm construction is based on the algorithm’s theory, and the verification of the similarity degree of operational sets is based on the cluster analysis by Ward and intra-group connections methods. The algorithm decomposition into six conditionally similar clusters will help plan new forest experiments taking into account interdisciplinary interaction, in addition to the modernization of plant propagation protocols for sustainable reforestation quality management. However, some questions remain for the future: which criterion should be used as a universal basis for choosing operational sets? How can the effectiveness of the FLR technology procedure be evaluated and predicted before its practical implementation?
Seed coat color grading conjecture is also known as Pravdin's conjecture. To verify the conjecture, we established a long-term field experiment. This data set included unique empirical data of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) container-grown seedlings produced from different seed color grades, outplanted on a post fire site in the Voronezh region, Russia. Variables were provided for 10 rows of 90 samples in each row. These data contribute to our understanding of seed germination and seedlings growth dynamics from size and color gradings of seeds. This structure is the future basis of the Forest Reproductive Material Library (FRMLib) and will be used for assisted migration and forest seed transfer.Dataset: Dataset access at http://dx.
Existing research in the field of mathematical modeling of base station planning, using intelligent optimization algorithms to solve potential schemes for generating base station distributions, is complex and, for the most part, mathematical models for choosing a base station site require simplification. Also, the existing models for choosing the base station site solve the problem in two-dimensional space and do not take into account the influence of terrain and other factors. Having incorporated the concept of membrane computing into the basis of the MET-PSO algorithm, the PMET-PSO algorithm was developed. The PMET-PSO algorithm is a redesign of the METROPOLIS sample in the simulated annealing algorithm, projects the probability of accepting METROPOLIS in accordance with the number of iterations of the particle swarm algorithm and determines whether to obtain an individual optimal position and a global optimal position generated by a new round of iterations in accordance with probability, thereby adding randomness to the particle swarm algorithm. As the number of iterations increases, the randomness of the particle swarm algorithm decreases, and it converges to an optimal solution. PMET-PSO allows parallel computing, which effectively reduces the time complexity of the MET-PSO algorithm.
The natural and production conditions of the growth of scots pine during forest restoration determine the research of the degree of interrelation of exogenous temperature factors with and technological processes of seed sorting with the quality of forest reproductive material. Descriptive statistics of biometric parameters of the height and diameter of the root neck were determined for the first, second, and third growing periods of individuals of Scots pine obtained by autumn transplanting containerized (1+0) seedlings sprouted from seeds conditioned by spectrometric properties to a post-pyrogenic site. The correlation relationship of the average variant of the exogenous index of degree days GDD, as well as the average variant of vitality indices was evaluated using the Spearman method based on the SPSS Statistics application software package. The degree of influence of the exogenous degree-day index on the DQI index of Scots pine crops in the 3rd growing season after transplanting containerized seedlings (1+0) sprouted from seeds of different spectrometric fractions is characterized by a weak positive correlation (p = 0.170; p = 0.05). The technological process of separating the light fraction of Scots pine seeds for the production of containerized seedlings demonstrates the best vitality indices in transplanted crops at the end of VP-III, statistically significantly (p = 0.05) differing from other spectrometric groups within the natural production conditions of this study
Research Highlights: There is a problem of forest seeds quality assessment and grading afield in minimal costs. The grading quality of each seed coat color class is determined by the degree of its separation with a mobile optoelectronic grader. Background and Objectives: Traditionally, pine seeds are graded in size, but this can lead to a loss of genetic diversity. Seed coat color is individual for each forest seed and is caused to a low error in identifying the genetic features of seedling obtained from it. The principle on which the mobile optoelectronic grader operates is based on the optical signal detection reflected from the single seed. The grader can operate in scientific (spectral band analysis) mode and production (spectral feature grading) mode. When operating in production mode, it is important to determine the optimal engineering parameters of the grader that provide the maximum value of the separation degree of seed-color classes. For this purpose, a run of experiments was conducted on the forest seeds separation using a mobile optoelectronic grader and regression models of the output from factors were obtained. Materials and Methods: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seed samples were obtained from cones of the 2019 harvest collected in a natural stand. The study is based on the Design of Experiments theory (DOE) using the Microsoft Excel platform. In each of three replications of each run from the experiment matrix, a mixture of 100 seeds of light, dark and light-dark fraction (n = 300) was used. Results: Interpretation of the obtained regression model of seed separation in the visible wavelength range (650–715 nm) shows that the maximum influence on the output—separation degree—is exerted by the angle of incidence of the detecting optical beam. Next in terms of the influence power on the output are paired interactions: combinations of the wavelength with the angle of incidence and the wavelength with the grader’s seed pipe height. The minimum effect on the output is the wavelength of the detecting optical beam. Conclusions: The use of a mobile optoelectronic grader will eliminate the cost of transporting seeds to and from forest seed centers. To achieve a value of 0.97–1.0 separation degree of Scots pine seeds colored fractions, it is necessary to provide the following optimal engineering parameters of the mobile optoelectronic grader: the wavelength of optical radiation is 700 nm, the angle of incidence of the detecting optical beam is 45° and the grader’s seed pipe height is 0.2 m.
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