-Pakistan is the world's 4th largest producer of cotton. Cultivation along the Indus River extends across nearly 3 million hectares and serves as the backbone of the economy. Despite this importance, information on the cotton sector in Pakistan, in particular with regard to cotton oils, is scanty and not available from a single source. This review seeks to remedy that gap. Though cultivated mainly for fiber, its kernel seed oil is also used as an edible vegetable oil and accounts for a large share of the local oil industry; per capita consumption of edible oils is nearly 14 kg, which is much higher than consumption in countries at similar levels of economic development. Pakistan fulfills 17.7% of its demand for edible oils through cottonseed oil. Total demand for this purpose in 2029-30 is estimated at 5.36 million tons of which local production will be 1.98 million tons. Genetically modified (Bt) cotton was introduced in Pakistan in 2010 to control three deleterious lepidopterous insects; it now accounts for more than 85% of the cotton cultivated. There is good scope for organic cotton production in Pakistan, especially in non-traditional cotton growing areas where there is less insect pressure. High temperature and water scarcity associated with climate change are a major concern, since current cultivation takes place in areas that already experience extremely high temperatures. ème producteur mondial de coton. Les cultures s'étendent sur près de 3 millions d'hectares le long du fleuve Indus et sont l'épine dorsale de l'économie du pays. Pourtant, l'information sur le secteur du coton au Pakistan, en particulier en ce qui concerne les huiles de coton, sont rares et non disponibles à partir d'une source unique. Cet article vise à remédier à cette lacune. Cultivée principalement pour la fibre, l'huile de coton est également utilisée comme une huile végétale alimentaire et représente une part importante de l'industrie pétrolière locale ; la consommation par habitant d'huiles alimentaires avoisinne les 14 kg, ce qui s'avère beaucoup plus élevé que la consommation dans les pays de niveaux similaires de développement économique. Le Pakistan répond à 17,7 % de sa demande d'huiles alimentaires via l'huile de coton. La demande totale en 2029-30 est estimée à 5,36 millions de tonnes, la production locale en assurant 1,98 millions de tonnes. Génétiquement modifié (Bt) le coton a été introduit au Pakistan en 2010 pour contrôler trois lépidoptères nuisibles ; elle représente désormais plus de 85 % du coton cultivé. Il existe de réelles possibilités de production de coton biologique au Pakistan, en particulier dans les régions productrices non traditionnelles où la pression des insectes s'avère inférieure. Une température élevée et la pénurie d'eau associée aux changements climatiques représentent une préoccupation majeure, étant donné que la culture actuelle a lieu dans les zones qui enregistrent déjà des températures extrêmement élevées. Mots clés :Pakistan / coton / huile de coton / tourteaux de coton / recherche
Cotton is a major cash crop cultivated throughout the world for fiber, feed, fuel and food. Globally, it ranked 1st for fiber and 2nd among the oilseed crops. It is cultivated in around 60 countries of the world with an approximate production of 119.8 million bales annually. During its life cycle, cotton is exposed to about 75 destructive diseases from sowing till harvesting. These stresses are responsible for about 50% yield losses annually with a worth of $ 50 billion in the world. Among them, Cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuVD) is one of the significant factors responsible for yield reduction worldwide. This disease is caused by cotton leaf cur virus which is mainly acquired and transmitted by the vector Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). This virus belongs to the family Geminiviridae and genus Begomovirus. Geminiviruses consist of small circular, single stranded DNA encapsidated in a twinned icosahedral pattern. These are either monopartite or bipartite. Bipartite begomoviruses are composed of circular single stranded DNA-A and DNA-B, both these components are essential for the infection in New World while some bipartite begomoviruses are also present in Old World, but differences are still present. Monopartite begomoviruses are composed of circular single stranded DNA-A and satellite molecules (DNA α-satellite and β-satellite), these are essential components for the severity of disease in the Old World. Efforts are underway to develop new strategies to protect the cotton plants against CLCuVD and its viral causal agents. This review helps the reader to better understand the biology of Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV), its behavior/interaction with the host Whitefly as well as recent developments being made for the control of cotton leaf curl disease.
‘CRIS‐129’ (Reg. No. CV‐134, PI 682095) is an early‐maturing, high‐yielding, and heat‐tolerant upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar. CRIS‐129 was developed at the Central Cotton Research Institute Sakrand, Pakistan, through conventional breeding (pedigree selection) methods and was the result of a cross between ‘CIM‐70’ and ‘B‐909’. CRIS‐129 performed much better than the commercial cultivars in a series of experiments conducted on cotton research stations and growers’ fields. In a 2‐yr National Coordinated Varietal Trial conducted across Pakistan, CRIS‐129 exhibited a broad range of climatic adaptability. In July 2014, it was presented before the Technical Sub‐Committee for Approval of Crop Varieties and Techniques (Director General of Research, Sindh Tandojam) for discussion and recommendations and was approved by the Provincial Seed Council on November 2014 for general cultivation in Sindh Province.
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