The main aim of this paper is to find potential sources that affect maternal health care seeking behavior of women of urban areas in period around the birth of their children using data extracted from Bangladesh Urban Health Survey 2013. To examine the maternal health care seeking behavior among women,antenatal care, place of delivery and postnatal care are considered as dependent variables and several demographic and socio-economic factors are included as independent variable. The study reveals that the recent migrant women and slum dwellers have a tendency of being disadvantaged in context of maternal health care. There is still plenty of room to work on maternal health care among women in urban areas especially among recent migrants so that significant improvement can be initialized to achieve an equity in overall health care system in Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 67(2): 131-138, 2019 (July)
Children in slums are in a vulnerable situation because of their low living standard and poor access to healthcare services. It is melancholic that newborns are the worst victims of this devastating condition. This paper aims at finding out the potential determinants of neonatal death in urban slums using Bangladesh Urban Health Survey 2013 data. For the purpose of analyses, bivariate analysis has been conducted using chi-square test and multiple logistic regression model is used to assess the adjusted effects of potential determinants of neonatal mortality in slum area. Results indicate that type of birth, mother’s education, working status, NGO membership, migration status, pregnancy complication and water source played significant role in occurring neonatal death in slum areas. In order to reduce neonatal mortality in slums, migrant mothers should get the highest priority; awareness building programs should be held frequently in slums regarding maternal health and health care practices for the pregnant mothers as well as their newborn babies. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 69(1): 31-35, 2021 (January)
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is essential for infant and child health. This study aimed to explore the trend in the EBF over the last decade in Bangladesh and investigated if there was a significant association with maternal employment by analyzing the data extracted from three consecutive nationally representative surveys: Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS) of 2011, 2014, and 2017–2018. Prevalence of EBF (95% confidence interval) with the Cochran-Armitage test was reported to see the trend in EBF. A chi-square (χ2) test was applied to find the potential factors associated with EBF. Finally, a three-level logistic regression was utilized to find the significant association between maternal employment and EBF while adjusting other covariates. We observed no increase in the practice of EBF over the last decade (P = 0.632). The prevalence of EBF was 64.9% (95% CI: 61.41, 68.18) in 2011, followed by 60.1% (95% CI: 56.25, 64) in 2014, and 64.9% (95% CI: 61.82, 67.91) in 2017. Regression results showed that employed mothers had 24% (p < 0.05) lower odds of EBF than unemployed mothers. Early initiation of breastfeeding was also found to be significantly associated [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.22, P < 0.05] with EBF. Government and policymakers must come forward with new interventions to increase the practice of EBF, providing basic education and campaigns on the topic of EBF. Maternity leave should be extended up to 6 months of the child's age to achieve an optimal level of EBF.
Background The simultaneity of undernourishment among child and overweight/obesity among mothers in lower-and-middle-income-countries (LMICs) introduces a new nutrition dilemma, known as double burden of malnutrition (DBM). Amidst of such paradox, the hike of caesarean section (CS) delivery is also triggering child undernutrition and maternal obesity. A gap of knowledge regarding the effect of mode of delivery on DBM still persists. The study aims to explore the association between DBM at household level and mode of delivery over time in LMICs. Method The study used data from recent four consecutive waves of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) ranging from BDHS 2007 to BDHS 2017. It considered the mother–child pairs from data where mothers were non-pregnant women aged 15–49 years having children born in last 3 years preceding the survey. Bivariate analysis and Logistic Regression were performed to explore the unadjusted and adjusted effect of covariates on DBM. An interaction term of mode of delivery and survey year was considered in regression model. Results The study evinces a sharp increase of DBM rate in Bangladesh from 2007 to 2017 (2.4% vs. 6.4%). The prevalence of DBM in household level among the children delivered by CS is more than two times of those born by normal delivery (8.2% vs. 3.5%). The multivariate analysis also indicates that the children born by CS delivery are more likely to be affected by DBM at household level significantly than those born by normal delivery in each waves. Moreover, the odds ratio (OR) of DBM at household is increased by 43% for one unit change in time for normal delivery whereas CS delivery births have 12% higher odds of DBM at household level with one unit change in time. Conclusion The study discloses a drastic increase of rate of DBM among mother–child pairs over the time. It stipulates inflated risk of DBM at household with time for both mode of delivery but the children with CS delivery are at more risk to the vulnerability of DBM at household level. The study recommends a provision of special care to the mothers with CS delivery to reduce DBM at household.
Background: To explore non-linear effects of continuous covariates on response variable, generalized additive model (GAM) has now been extensively used. The main aim of this study is to explore the non-linear effect of some selected continuous covariates on malnutrition status of children in Bangladesh using logistic additive model. Methods:To determine the factors of malnutrition status of children in Bangladesh, data are excluded from Bangladesh Demographic and Health survey 2014 (BDHS 2014). The anthropometric index of nutrition status, stunting is used as binary response variable and several demographic, socio-economic and health related variables are used as covariates. Bivariate analysis and additive logistic regression model is used to uncover the non-linear effect of included continuous variables as well as effect of categorical covariates on stunting in the study.Results: The analysis exposes that mother's current age, mother's BMI and child's age have significant non-linear impact on stunting of children. Conclusion:The analysis suggests that to improve nutrition status of children in Bangladesh, the government should take necessary steps targeting women in higher and lower age groups and women with higher and lower BMI. Moreover, the children after 20 months should be properly taken care of for achieving better nutritional health.
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