Purpose:It is generally believed that sports can play an important role in developing life skills and positive youth development. The purpose of this study was to determine the views of Gomal University students’ athletes on the role that sports played in developing the important life skill of decision making. The time management, planning, dealing with adversity and adapting new situation were taken as decision-making skills. Materials:A sample of n=375 (male=334, female=41 completed questionnaires. The researchers collected the required information with the help of self-administered structured questionnaire encompassing the selected variables of the study. The responses were tabulated and analyzed with the help of computer software. Results:The results showed participants attributed a significant role for sports in developing decision-making skills such as time management, planning, dealing with adversity and adapting new situation (603** at 0.01) and significant correlation between sports participation and the development of various decision-making skills among its participants (603** at 0.01). The results indicated that demographic characteristic such as gender, age, and level of sports participation of the athletes brings variations in the mean score of research variables (0.003, 0.004 & 0.001 < 0.05). conclusions:Results of the study indicated that sports provide an excellent opportunity for students to learn skills that can help them in taking positive as well as effective decision. The present exploration affirmed that students can acquire a) time management skill, b) proper planning, c) dealing with adversity, and d) the ability to adjust in a new situation through active participation in sports activities. However, some demographic characteristics of the sports participants such as gender, sports experience, and format of sports have an influence upon the development of these skills through sports.
Background and Study Aim. The main focus of the study was to examine the effect of varied packages of plyometric training on speed, leg explosive power, and muscular endurance among university students. Material and Methods. Sixty subjects (age= 21.37+1.40) were divided into two groups namely, Control Group (CG, n=15) and Experimental Group (EG, n=45). The EG was further divided into three different groups based on the different training packages such as Low, Medium, and High-Intensity plyometric training. The .05 level of confidence was fixed as the level of significance to test the ‘F’ ratio obtained by the analysis of covariance, which was considered as appropriate. Plyometric training for a period of eight weeks offered to the participants of the Experimental Group. Results. The results revealed that various plyometric training programs have produced significant development in improving motor ability components such as speed, leg explosive power, and muscular endurance of the participants (p<.05). The results indicated that high-intensity plyometric training was noticed as superior then low and medium intensity plyometric training in the perspective of the effect of varied packages of plyometric on selected motor ability components among participants. Conclusion. Keeping in view the utility and importance of plyometric training, we recommended that the exercise protocol used in this study may helpful for the development and improvement of such components to get peak performance in sports.
The purpose of this study aimed to look at assessing the effects of aerobic exercise on body composition of overweight female aging 22-27 years.A sample of n=30 (thirty) overweight female aging 22-27 years in District Tonsa (Punjab), Pakistan were included as subject. A four (04) week exercise protocol was prepared and used among females of the experimental group. The experimental group was subjected to measure the anthropometric as well as 3- site skin fold measurements. The data regarding pre and post-test of both groups-control and experimental were carefully recorded and entered into the computer for analyses. For this purpose, both descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Independent Samples t-Test and Paired Samples t-Test) were used for analyzing the data. The analyzed data established that the mean score of (EG) in pre and post-test were found as 28.66 and 23.5. The t-value of the table is 5.022 and P-value is 0.001 which is lower than the significant level (P<0.05). Therefore, it is concluded that the difference between Pre and Post-test of Control Group has shown the significant effects of aerobic exercises on body fat percentage of overweight females. According to the analyzed data the mean value of Post-tests regarding body fat percentage of Control Group were 28.89 and Experimental Group was 23.5. The P-value 0.002 and t-value -987 in the table depict the significant statistical difference between the two means of Control and Experimental Group in Body Mass Index (P<0.05).The results of the study indicated that the four weeks’ aerobic exercise protocol has a significant effect on overweight females in the perspective of decreasing their body fat percentage. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that more and more involved in physical activity and exercise among female folk may be ensured.
: The Coronavirus, also known as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-19), due to its depth impact on acute respiratory dysfunction and mortality, has thrown the world into chaos with its splendid rate of transmission. Recent research findings suggest that the loss of involuntary breathing control in the brainstem, which leads to death, is a clear indicator of neurological involvement.The nose to brain entry is the promising gateway of SARS-CoV-2 to reach the brain via systemic circulatory distribution subsequent infection of the lung. The loss of involuntary control of breathing is a result of an active gateway of systemic blood circulation through the lungs into the brain. Early neurological symptoms like loss of smell, convulsions, and ataxia are the clues of neurological involvement and central nervous system entry of SARS-CoV-2 that further become fatal, life-threatening and require artificial respiration and emergency admissions. As per studies investigated on Wuhan hospitalized patients of SARS-CoV-2, the involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in the central nervous system (CNS) has three major gateways: Direct involvement into CNS includes headache, ataxia, dizziness, altered or impaired consciousness, acute stroke or seizures; peripheral involvement includes impaired taste, smell, vision and altered nociception; and skeletal muscle impairment like skeletal muscle disorders, acute paralysis in a particular area of the body. In the previous era, most studied and researched viruses were beta coronavirus and mouse hepatitis virus, which were studied for acute and chronic encephalitis and multiple sclerosis (MS). Although the early symptoms of SARS-CoV are respiratory pathogenesis, the differential diagnosis should always be considered for neurological perspective to stop mortalities.
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