Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a tropical and subtropical fruit that is native to Mexico and Central America. This fruit is gaining increasing worldwide acceptance and has received extensive marketing and a wide distribution due to its relevant nutritional benefits for human health. This work presents relevant information on the production, composition and application of avocado, with an emphasis on its by-products, focusing on the proper use of waste and the possibility of monetizing waste for nutritional and environmental purposes. The entire avocado is rich in bioactive compounds (pulp, peel and seed) and presents several health benefits, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities, as well as dermatological uses and others. Therefore, several food grade ingredients can be obtained from avocado wastes, particularly premium-grade fats or extracts with a high functional power. Studies should continue to identify the profiles and phytochemicals available to the business sector, which can also be implemented to valorize the nutritional and functional potential of avocado seeds and peels.
Background:
Alkaline protease essential enzymes that have several applications in our industry.
Objective:
The aim was optimization of nutritional parameters by one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method in solid-state fermentation.
Method:
Production of protease employing our laboratory new isolate, Alternaria alternata TUSG1 (strain accession number- MF401426) under solid-state fermentation was optimized. The nutritional factors was investigated and only one agricultural residue (cauliflower leaves) with different particle size was checked.
Results:
Highest enzyme production was obtained with medium particle size of cauliflower leaves (610 U/gds) followed by coarse waste (603U/gds) and fine waste (596 U/gds) using 106 spores/ml as inoculum at 30° C for 7 days. The organism utilized carbon sources 0.5 % (w/w) dextrose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, lactose and starch. Among them maltose was found to be the best carbon source. A variety of inorganic and organic media components were investigated for nitrogen sources 0.3 % (w/w) and skim milk turned out to the best.
Conclusion:
The maximum enzyme activity was obtained with 1% maltose, 0.5% skim milk and 0.05% MgSO4. With optimized media 1.53 fold increase in the protease production at agricultural residue cauliflower leaves was obtained.
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