The VPT combination was associated with both an increased AKI risk and a more rapid onset of AKI compared to the VC combination.

Background Tranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma. Meta-analyses of small trials show that tranexamic acid might decrease deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods We did an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 164 hospitals in 15 countries. Patients were enrolled if the responsible clinician was uncertain whether to use tranexamic acid, were aged above the minimum age considered an adult in their country (either aged 16 years and older or aged 18 years and older), and had significant (defined as at risk of bleeding to death) upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients were randomly assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients received either a loading dose of 1 g tranexamic acid, which was added to 100 mL infusion bag of 0•9% sodium chloride and infused by slow intravenous injection over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 3 g tranexamic acid added to 1 L of any isotonic intravenous solution and infused at 125 mg/h for 24 h, or placebo (sodium chloride 0•9%). Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation; analysis excluded patients who received neither dose of the allocated treatment and those for whom outcome data on death were unavailable. This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN11225767, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01658124.

No abstract

Fish waste water nutrient recycling in an aquaponic system was studied under different stocking densities of Koi Carp, Cyprinus carpio var. koi, along with spinach, Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis. Fish growth performance, plant growth, nutrient dynamics, and nutrient removal and their dependence on different stocking densities, namely 1.4, 2.1, and 2.8, were observed, of the different combinations, fish stocked at 1.4 kg/m3 had the best growth. Percent nutrient removal (NO3–N, PO4–P, and K) was significantly higher at 1.4 kg/m3. Thus, 1.4 kg/m3 stocking density can be suggested as optimum for Koi Carp production in spinach aquaponic systems.

Donkeys have been serving mankind for 5000 years [1]. The phrase 'beasts of burden' describes their utility as pack animals and [2] in many parts of the world they play a significant economic and social role in the transport of water, building materials, relief supplies, animal feed and other critical supplies [2,3]. Donkey cart ambulances are an increasing trend in Africa where they are used for transporting sick people to hospital. Donkeys are particularly suited to this role because they are easy to keep and do not show fatigue [2,4]. It is estimated that there are about 90 million donkeys worldwide and they are especially widespread in Central and South American and parts of Europe. China has the largest population with about 11 million donkeys [5]. In recent years, donkey-related research is increasing with the goal of using this species to further improve human health and provide greater societal benefit.