Although calibration of a hydrodynamic model depends on the availability of measurement data representing the system behavior, advice for the planning of necessary measurement campaigns for model calibration is scarce. This work tries to address this question of efficient measurement site selection on a network scale for the objective of calibrating a hydrodynamic model case study in Austria. For this, a model-based approach is chosen, as the method should be able to be used before measurement data is available. An existing model is assumed to represent the real system behavior. Based on this extended availability of "measurement data" in every point of the system, different approaches are established to heuristically assess the suitability of one or more pipes in combination as calibration point(s). These approaches intend to find suitable answers to the question of measurement site selection for this specific case study within a relatively short time and with a reasonable computational effort. As a result, the relevance of the spatial distribution of calibration points is highlighted. Furthermore, particular efficient calibration points are identified and further measurement sites in the underlying network are recommended.
The calibration of models for urban drainage systems has become more and more important as especially the usage of detailed models has increased considerably over the last years as the basis for planning and design. Still the effects originating from the choice of data used for model calibration are little known and advice on planning measurement campaigns for model calibration is limited, especially for small and medium-sized municipalities. The choice of measurement sites (number and location) within a sewer system is affecting the robustness of the calibration and in consequence the assessment of the modelled system behaviour. This paper discusses the calibration of a hydrologic-hydrodynamic model using the representative example of a small municipality. Different calibration scenarios were created using a modelbased approach, focusing on varying availability of in-sewer measurement data. To assess the performance of different scenarios and validate the respective models, different model outputs were compared. The different calibration scenarios resulted in high variations in the model performances. The number and location of used calibration points influence model performance significantly. Predicted CSO volumes deviate from a set of given reference values in ranges between 1% and 253% for one, −21% to −5% for two and 1% to 237% for five used calibration points, depending on the rainfall data input. Consequently, the design of measurement campaigns for calibration data is a very sensitive decision in the modelling process. The model performance further influences design and decision-making processes, which are then perceptible in economic and functional aspects.
Urban drainage systems are designed to capture the runoff for a certain return period of a design rainfall event. Typically, numerical models are used, which are calibrated by comparing model response and measured system performance. The applicability of such models to predict the system behaviour under extreme events is unclear, as usually then no data are available. This paper describes the analysis of an extreme rainfall event in the year 2016. The event is characterized by a very short duration and very high rainfall intensities. The maximum-recorded rainfall peak was 47.1 mm rainfall within 10 min, which corresponds to a return period of 500 years. The event caused local flooding on streets, interruptions of traffic and damages in buildings. In order to improve the flood resilience of the city, the event was analysed with an existing 1D hydrodynamic model of the sewer system. Model results were compared to water level measurements in the drainage system and citizen observations of surface flooding (gathered from social media and citizen reports). Although the hydrodynamic model could reproduce water level measurements in parts of the system, the plausibility check using descriptive data showed that the model failed to predict flooding in some areas.
Aufgrund fehlender Modelle bzw. lückenhafter Daten ist man bei der Rehabilitierungsplanung von kleineren Wasserversorgungsnetzwerken zumeist auf Experteneinschätzungen angewiesen. Da in Österreich diese Expertendaten aber nicht strukturiert verfügbar sind, wurde in zehn (Markt-)Gemeinden bzw. Städten in Tirol und Vorarlberg, jeweils fünf pro Bundesland, eine Befragung über die Betreiberkennwerte (wie z. B. Schadensraten, Wasserverluste, etc.) sowie über die Einschätzung der Eigenschaften und Lebensdauern von verwendeten Materialien durchgeführt und mit Literaturwerten verglichen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Befragung zeigen die Diversität nicht nur der verschiedensten Einflussfaktoren auf die Entscheidungsfindung sondern auch die unterschiedlichen Erfahrungen der Betreiber bei der Materialwahl und später bei der Instandhaltungs- und Rehabilitierungsplanung mit den gewählten Werkstoffen. Weiters wurden die Unterschiede zwischen den Einschätzungen der Betreiber sowie den vorhandenen Modellen thematisiert.
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