The article covers information on the following species of rare endemic and relict plants of the narrow local area that are included in the “Red Data” book of Georgia: Taxus baccata L., Pinus pityusa Stev.,, Acer ibericum M. Bieb.,, Betula litwinowii Doluch., Berberis iberica Stev. & Fisch.ex DC., Ostrya carpinifolia Scop., Diospyros lotus L., Quercus dshorochensis K.Koch., Q. Hartwissiana Steven., Q.imericna Steven ex Woronow, Q.macranthera Fisch. & C.A.Mey.ex Hohen, Pterocarya pterocarpa (Michx) kunth., Punica granatum L., Amygdalus Georgia Desf., Pyrus sachokiana Kuth., Populus euphratica Oliv, Ulmus suberosa Michx., Zelkova carpinifolia (Pall.,) K.Koch. Their biological peculiarities, duration of flowering and fruit-bearing, the similarity of seeds and their quality have been studied under the conditions of arid zone. The paper also gives a description of cambiogenetic growth nature that is a secondary meristem of 1-3-year-old spurs of these plants from the beginning till the end of their vegetation.
The study involves the monitoring Paeonia mlokosewitschii L. -one of the rare endemic, critically endangered species of narrow local distribution both, in natural, i.e. in situ conditions of Lagodekhi Nature Reserve and in ex situ conditions at the National Botanic Garden of Georgia. Due to the influence of anthropogenic and other negative environmental factors, this important species of Georgian plant diversity, which is included in the Red List and the Red Book of Georgia, have significantly decreased in the area of its distribution.
The article discusses contemporary bio-ecological condition of Taxus baccata L., as one of the endangered species, in its natural spreading area in Georgia, particularly, in Batsara National Reserve and in ornamental horticulture of eastern Georgia. We have studied the periods of bud opening, vegetation ending, starting and ending of cambium action, sprout woodening process, time and rate of growth in height, and regularities of accumulation-transformation of storage carbohydrates. The studies revealed that the Yew growth duration is affected by the snowless winter and frequent droughts increased in the last decades, as they cause the lack of water in soils and badly affect the plant growth. The study of sprout woodening, cambium action peculiarities and regularities of accumulation-transformation of storage carbohydrates, prove its strong ability of frost-resistance. The study of bio-ecological peculiarities of Taxus baccata L. and its wide introduction in ornamental horticulture, greened areas and forest cultures will be useful for conservation of this endangered species.
Pesticides are complex organic substances that are an important source of water pollution. Using pesticides is one of the important actions for harvest protection. This, however, does not negate the fact that its usage can result to negative consequences as well. The study of toxic action of lambda-cigalotrin (the piretroid of the insecticides which is included in icons, karate, commodore, samurai) on quantitative contents of fatty acids and structural lipids in muscle, gills, liver, and in the brain of fishes in river Alazani was carried out. Based on the actual material, one can conclude that intoxication of the fish tissues with lambda-cyhalotrin processes appear, which stimulates oxidation of free radicals of structural lipids. The peroxides of the initiators of free radicals are formed, which stimulate lipid per oxidation. Exposure to insecticides caused an induction of antioxidant enzyme activities indicating the activation of the insecticides detoxification pathways and the antioxidant defenses. The non-protein sulfhydryl groups increased to 1,75 0,109 compared to the control (1,04 0,123), while the total sulfhydryl groups statistically increased to 39,16 1,44 compared to the control (34,00 1,22 ).This indicates an increase in the concentration of protein and total sulfhydryl groups compared to controls. The study also identified that excess amounts of insecticides in the tissues disrupts the biochemical parameters. These changes may be potentially disruptive for the survivability of fish in natural resources. This fact should thus be taken into consideration when this insecticide is used for pest control in agriculture fields surrounding surface water and ground water resources.
The article deals with the contemporary condition of some naturalized and wilded woody plants in the vicinity of Tbilisi: Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm., Cercis siliquastrum L., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle., Fraxinus ornus L. and the nature of their participation in phytocenoses. The research took place in Tbilisi surrounding, approximately in 20 places. The study revealed that Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm., Cercis siliquastrum L. Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Fraxinus ornus L., are distinguished by aggression, and those who have a high coefficient of multiplication, propagate well by seeds and root shoots. Besides, they get well into natural and artificial phytocenoses, and win in competition with local and introduced plants and micro groupings, causing their transformation. It is necessary to limit the spread of these introduced plants, in order to avoid complete destruction of local phytcenoses and decorative plants.
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