In December 2019, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group (V-MOD) adopted the thirteenth generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). This IGRF updates the previous generation with a definitive main field model for epoch 2015.0, a main field model for epoch 2020.0, and a predictive linear secular variation for 2020.0 to 2025.0. This letter provides the equations defining the IGRF, the spherical harmonic coefficients for this thirteenth generation model, maps of magnetic declination, inclination and total field intensity for the epoch 2020.0, and maps of their predicted rate of change for the 2020.0 to 2025.0 time period.

The electrical conductivity of the ocean is a fundamental parameter in the electrodynamics of the Earth System. This parameter is involved in a number of applications ranging from the calibration of in situ ocean flow meters, through extensions of traditional induction studies, and into quite new opportunities involving the remote sensing of ocean flow and properties from space-borne magnetometers such as carried aboard the three satellites of the Swarm mission launched in 2013. Here, the first ocean conductivity data set calculated directly from observed temperature and salinity measurements is provided. These data describe the globally gridded, three-dimensional mean conductivity as well as seasonal variations, and the statistics of spatial and seasonal variations are shown. This "climatology" data set of ocean conductivity is offered as a standard reference similar to the ocean temperature and salinity climatologies that have long been available.

Tsunami flow coupled with the geomagnetic field generates electric currents and associated magnetic fields. Although electromagnetic (EM) tsunami signals can be used for analysis and even forecasting tsunami propagation, the dynamically self‐consistent effect of shoaling water depth on the fluid + electrodynamics has not been adequately clarified. In this study, we classify tsunami EM phenomena into three cases based on the ocean depth and find that the deeper ocean results in stronger self‐induction due to the increase in both tsunami phase velocity and ocean conductance. In this deep‐ocean case, the phase lead of the vertical magnetic variation relative to the sea surface elevation is smaller, while an initial rise in the horizontal magnetic component becomes observable prior to tsunami arrival. Furthermore, we confirm that the enhancement of tsunami height in shallower oceans shifts the ocean depth supplying maximum amplitudes of tsunami magnetic fields from approximately 2.0 km to 1.5 km.