GASDERMIN B (GSDMB) belongs to the novel gene family GASDERMIN (GSDM). All GSDM family members are located in amplicons, genomic regions often amplified during cancer development. Given that GSDMB is highly expressed in cancerous cells and the locus resides in an amplicon, GSDMB may be involved in cancer development and/or progression. However, only limited information is available on GSDMB expression in tissues, normal and cancerous, from cancer patients. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms that regulate GSDMB expression in gastric tissues are poorly understood. We investigated the spatiotemporal expression patterns of GSDMB in gastric cancer patients and the 5' regulatory sequences upstream of GSDMB. GSDMB was not expressed in the majority of normal gastric-tissue samples, and the expression level was very low in the few normal samples with GSDMB expression. Most pre-cancer samples showed moderate GSDMB expression, and most cancerous samples showed augmented GSDMB expression. Analysis of genome sequences revealed that an Alu element resides in the 5' region upstream of GSDMB. Reporter assays using intact, deleted, and mutated Alu elements clearly showed that this Alu element positively regulates GSDMB expression and that a putative IKZF binding motif in this element is crucial to upregulate GSDMB expression.
Burns are a common type of skin injury encountered at all levels of medical facilities from private clinics to core hospitals. Minor burns heal by topical treatment alone, but moderate to severe burns require systemic management, and skin grafting is often necessary also for topical treatment. Inappropriate initial treatment or delay of initial treatment may exert adverse effects on the subsequent treatment and course. Therefore, accurate evaluation of the severity and initiation of appropriate treatment are necessary. The Guidelines for the Management of Burn Injuries were issued in March 2009 from the Japanese Society for Burn Injuries as guidelines concerning burns, but they were focused on the treatment for extensive and severe burns in the acute period. Therefore, we prepared guidelines intended to support the appropriate diagnosis and initial treatment for patients with burns that are commonly encountered including minor as well as moderate and severe cases. Because of this intention of the present guidelines, there is no recommendation of individual surgical procedures.
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is classified as a rare type of non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma by the World Health Organization. It is characterized by the presence of lymphoma cells in the lumens of the small vessels of several organs, most notably the skin. Diagnosis of IVLBCL is difficult because of the lack of lymphadenopathy and because lesions need to be histologically confirmed via a biopsy of the affected organs. Random skin biopsy (RSB) of normal-appearing skin is a useful and apparently safe means of evaluating IVLBCL. However, patients with IVLBCL often exhibit thrombocytopenia, and we describe a case in which a patient with thrombocytopenia experienced hemorrhagic shock and died shortly after RSB. For this reason, we reviewed cases of RSB performed at our hospital and found that the middle adipose tissue contained a higher percentage of atypical lymphoid cells than other layers of the skin. On the basis of our findings, we propose a strategy for the safer performance of RSB in IVLBCL patients with thrombocytopenia and coagulation abnormalities.
Multiple granular cell tumors of the esophagus and the stomach found in a 53-year-old man are reported. One lesion was detected within the lower thoracic esophagus and seven lesions were detected in the stomach. The esophageal tumor was resected endoscopically, and gastrectomy was performed for the multiple gastric lesions. Histologically, the tumors consisted of spindle or polyhedral cells and the cytoplasm contained punctated eosinophilic granules with positive immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein. The tumors were mainly located in the submucosal layer. Some tumor cells were seen in the mucosae propria and the muscularis propria. The tumor cells were only slightly positive for p53- and Ki-67-immunohistochemical stainings. Based on these findings, we diagnosed the granular cell tumors as benign. Granular cell tumor is comparatively rare in clinical practice, but a few such tumors have been seen in the digestive tract. A few cases of multiple esophagogastric granular cell tumors have also been reported in the literature.
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