No abstract

The NDI-J is a valid, reliable, and responsive tool that can be used to assess neck pain in Japanese outpatients.

The Japanese version of the PSFS is a valid, reliable, and responsive instrument to assess Japanese outpatients with neck pain.

These results should be useful in setting goals for the treatment of upper extremity joint functions in the fields of rehabilitation, orthopedics, and sports medicine.

The collision accident in collegiate football game was simulated based on the game video and the concussive impact on the head was analyzed. First, the collision motion of players was reproduced based on the video by using motion analysis, and the translational and rotational velocities, relative position and contact location of the struck and the striking players' heads just before the collision were calculated. Then the data obtained were input to two helmeted finite element (FE) human head models as the initial condition, and the brain injury risk was evaluated by using the impact analysis. The FE helmet model was validated by a drop test of the helmet in which the head impactor was embedded. In the present study, two concussion suspected accident cases were analyzed; then the concussion was evaluated by ten mechanical parameters generated inside the skull caused by the collision. The injury risk evaluated by multi parameters belonged to the dangerous range that may cause concussion and was consistent with the diagnosis of the medical team doctor. The brain injury risk can be successfully estimated by the reconstructed simulation of the game video and FE analysis. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt in Japan to estimate the brain injury risk systematically by a combination of game video analysis which is originally introduced for the players' health care and FE analysis by helmeted human head model. In the future, brain injury risk caused by an accident can be evaluated with higher accuracy by analyzing more accident cases. Aomura, Zhang, Nakadate, Koyama and Nishimura, Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, Vol.11, No.4 (2016) [DOI: 10.1299/jbse. risks and lead to further improvement in safety equipment (Viano D.C. et al., 2007, Willinger R. et al., 2013. However, we usually do not have any effective method to obtain the mechanical information in the accident.One of the most reliable methods to determine the collision kinematics is the analysis of game video. Records of video camera are becoming more popular and more high-resolution by rapid technological development and lower expense. Recent year, videos are often used during daily practice and games to check the formation design, assignment play and analyze the tactics of the opponent team. The information obtained from the video is not only important for improving the competition ability of the players, but also plays another important role as a tool for confirming what happened to the players when collision accident occurred. In particular, TBI represented by concussion is rather difficult to diagnose visually than trauma of extremities, the video is often required to confirm the motion of the players after the collision. Currently, it is new in memory that the video analysis staff (medical staff) was allowed to reside in the international tournament in World Rugby (WR), and had the privilege of ordering to implement the protocol of concussion testing when a concussion suspected collision occurred, and the analysis wa...