High concentration of Mn atoms has been incorporated in the surface region of II-IV-V2 type chalcopyrite semiconductor CdGeP2. Photoluminescence spectrum at 20 K shows a peak around 3.2 eV, suggesting that the incorporation of Mn introduces an energy gap much higher than that of the host semiconductor (Eg=1.83 eV). Prominent magnetic hysteresis loops with coercivity of 0.5 kOe has been observed at room temperature. Magnetic force microscope (MFM) measurements reveal a stripe-shaped domain pattern on the top surface. Magneto-optical Kerr ellipticity spectrum measured at room temperature show a prominent peak at 1.7 eV and a broad tail up to 3.5 eV. We tentatively attribute the ferromagnetism to the double exchange interaction between Mn 2+ and Mn 3+ states due to the structural feature of II-IV-V2 type chalcopyrite compounds.

To develop a novel antipsychotic agent which is an agonist of dopamine (DA) autoreceptors and an antagonist of postsynaptic DA receptors, a series of 7-[4-[4-(substituted phenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2 (1H)-quinolinones was synthesized and their dual activities were examined. The postsynaptic DA receptor antagonistic activities of the compounds were evaluated by their ability to inhibit stereotypy induced by apomorphine in mice, and the autoreceptor agonist activities were determined by their effects on the gamma-butyrolactone (GBL)-induced increase in L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) synthesis in the mouse brain. Many compounds inhibited the stereotypic behavior, and several compounds reversed the GBL-induced increase in the DOPA synthesis. Among them, 7-[4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2 (1H)-quinolinone (28, aripiprazole, OPC-14597) was found to have these two activities. This compound reversed the GBL-induced DOPA synthesis (ED50 values of 5.1 mumol/kg p.o.) and inhibited the APO induced stereotypy (ED50 values of 0.6 mumol/kg p.o.). Compound 28 induced catalepsy at 10 times higher dose than that required for the antagonism of APO-induced stereotypy (ED50 value of 7.8 mumol/kg p.o.).

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This experience supports the efficacy of fenestrated endograft implantation for emergent repair of IVC injuries, although proper facilities, an experienced interventional team, and an assortment of devices must be available.