Aegilops squarrosa (n=7) is the donor of the third or D genome to common wheat and also the donor of the pivotal genome to five polyploid species of section Vertebrata of the genus Aegilops.This diploid species grows as a predominantly autogamous wild grass or weed in the Middle East and is classified by ear morphology into two subspecies, ssp. eu-squarrosa and ssp. strangulate.The former includes three varieties, typica, anathera and meyeri and the latter only strangulate.A comprehensive investigation in respect to morphology, genetics, cytology, physiology, susceptibility to rust and distribu tion of this species was reported by Kihara et al. (1965). Ae. squarrosa as well as Triticum monococcum and Ae. speltoides constitute a large unexplored gene pool for wheat breeding (Zohary et al. 1969). The practical method of introducing agriculturally important genetic variability into common wheat from Ae. squarrosa has already been established (Kerber and Dyck 1969).Recently, Furuta et al. (1974) confirmed a considerable intraspecific difference in nuclear DNA content among four varieties of Ae. squarrosa.In order to estimate the amount of genetic variation within species in relation to phylogeny of polyploid wheat, we carried out cytophotometrical masurements of nuclear DNA content with 27 strains of Ae. squarrosa. MATERIALS AND METHODSVarieties and sources of 27 strains used in this study are listed in Table 1, and the collection sites are shown in Fig. 1 Young spikes at the meiotic stage were fixed with modified Carnoy's fluid (glacial acetic acid 1: chloroform 3: 95 % ethanol 3) for three days and preserved in 75 % ethanol in a refrigerator.Anthers at the pollen tetrad stage of the standard (KUSE 2135-3) and of four other strains were smeared side by side on the cover slips.Subsequently, the pollen tetrads were dried, hydrolyzed with 1N HCl at 60°C for five minutes and stained by Schiff's reagent (Furuta 1975). Ten nuclei of each strain were 1) Contribution from the
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