Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an ultrasensitive molecular screening technique with greatly enhanced Raman scattering signals from trace amounts of analytes near plasmonic nanostructures. However, research on the development of a sensor that balances signal enhancement, reproducibility, and uniformity has not yet been proposed for practical applications. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of the practical application for detecting or predicting asymptomatic breast cancer from human tears using a portable Raman spectrometer with an identification algorithm based on multivariate statistics. This potentiality was realized through the fabrication of a plasmonic SERS substrate equipped with a well-aligned, gold-decorated, hexagonal-close-packed polystyrene (Au/HCP-PS) nanosphere monolayer that provided femtomole-scale detection, giga-scale enhancement, and <5% relative standard deviation for reliability and reproducibility, regardless of the measuring site. Our results can provide a first step toward developing a noninvasive, real-time screening technology for detecting asymptomatic tumors and preventing tumor recurrence.

OLETF exhibited a significantly reduced TRT, especially RNFL thickness, based on SD-OCT. Further, histology revealed increased apoptosis and a decrease in the number of ganglion cells. These results suggest that retinal neurodegeneration occurs in type II diabetic OLETF.

We introduce a label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensing platform equipped with metallic nanostructures that can identify the efficacy of Oxford-AstraZeneca (AZD1222) vaccine in vaccinated individuals using non-invasive tear samples. We confirmed the hypothesis that the tears of people who receive the AZD1222 vaccine may be similar to those of adenovirus epidemic keratoconjunctivitis patients since the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine is derived from a replication-deficient ChAdOx1 vector of chimpanzee adenovirus. Additionally, we confirmed the potential of the three markers for estimating the vaccination status via analyzing the signals emanating from antibodies or immunoglobulin G by-product using our label-free, SERS biosensing technique with a high reproducibility (<3% relative standard deviation), femtomole-scale limit of detection (1 × 10 −14 M), and high SERS response of >10 8 . Therefore, our label-free SERS biosensing nanoplatforms with long-term storage and robust stability will enable rapid and robust monitoring of the vaccine presence in vaccinated individuals.

Based on multimodal imaging and histologic assessment, our findings demonstrate that SRT with OFT could selectively target the RPE without damaging the neurosensory retina. Therefore, the use of SRT with OFT opens the door to the possibility of clinical trials of well-defined invisible and nondestructive retina therapy, especially for macular disease.

TRT and RNFL thickness measurements using SD-OCT in rats had high intra-session and inter-session repeatability and inter-examiner reproducibility in vivo. This method will facilitate longitudinal studies to follow disease processes over time and to evaluate therapeutic effects after experimental intervention.