Purpose A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the inter-patient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability of liposomal and small molecule (SM) anticancer agents. Methods Inter-patient PK variability of 9 liposomal and SM formulations of the same drug were evaluated. PK variability was measured as coefficient of variance (CV%) of area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) and the fold-difference between AUCmax and AUCmin (AUC range). Results CV% of AUC and AUC ranges were 2.7-fold (P<0.001) and 16.7-fold (P=0.13) greater, respectively, for liposomal compared with SM drugs. There was an inverse linear relationship between the clearance (CL) of liposomal agents and PK variability with a lower CL associated with greater PK variability (R2 = 0.39). PK variability of liposomal agents was greater when evaluated from 0–336 h compared with 0–24 h. Conclusion PK variability of liposomes is significantly greater than SM. The factors associated with the PK variability of liposomal agents needs to be evaluated.

Isotopically resolved intermediate-mass fragments and light charged particles have been detected from the reactions 40 Ar and 40 Ca with 58 Fe and 58 Ni at E beam ϭ33 and 45 MeV/nucleon. There is an angular dependence to the isotopic ratios. A moving source analysis shows that fragments emitted at ⌰ lab ϭ40°can be attributed primarily to a composite source while the fragments emitted at backward angles are primarily from a targetlike source. The results are compared to predictions of QMD, BUU, and GEMINI. QMD generally reproduces the charge distribution and energy spectra and has partial success with the isobaric ratios when the system is chemically equilibrated. All of the models have difficulty reproducing the isotopic ratios when the system is not chemically equilibrated. ͓S0556-2813͑97͒05710-5͔

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