The objective of the research was to study the dynamics of health indices of children and adolescents of the city of Saint Petersburg for 20 years. We analyzed official statistical data of general and primary morbidity rate of children aged of 0-14 years and adolescents aged 15-17 years, the incidence of chronic diseases in schoolchildren (7-17 years), as well as there was held a comparative analysis of the health state of senior schoolchildren in 5 Saint Petersburg schools with advanced content of education based on indices of the pathological prevalence rate, physical development, non-specific resistance, adaptation status. The study was executed according to approved standard methods. In the study, over a 20-year period there was revealed a steady trend of health deterioration of children and adolescent population of the city as a whole, and schoolchildren enrolled in the program with advanced content of education as well. The prevalence rate of diseases in children has increased by 72.0%, while primary morbidity increased by 70.4%. Adolescents aged 15-17 years showed more pronounced gain of indices than in children, the level of general and primary morbidity rate has increased by 2 times. In the structure of general and primary morbidity of children and adolescents first ranking places were held by respiratory diseases, injuries, poisoning, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. In chronic morbidity of schoolchildren there were prevailed diseases of the musculoskeletal system, diseases of the eye and its appendages, respiratory diseases. There was established the gain in the pathological prevalence rate in schoolchildren with advanced content of education. In the majority of the surveyed high school students there were diagnosed polysystemic changes in health status. Negative trends in the health status of children and adolescents of the city of Saint - Petersburg were confirmed by indices of nonspecific resistance: immunological tests, key elements of protective enzyme systems of the body. In order to stabilize the growth of children and adolescent incidence there were suggested directions of prevention work.
The Russian Federation ratified in 2012 the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2006. In this regard, the study of measures taken by the Russian Federation to create conditions for persons with disabilities and children with disabilities to lead an independent lifestyle, for the scientific substantiation of subsequent measures and the development of relevant legal regulations to ensure the ability of disabled people to lead an independent lifestyle in their chosen place of residence and integration into the local community in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is extremely relevant.The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate the legislative, regulatory and methodological support for the realization of the rights of people with disabilities to lead an independent life, involving the choice of a place of residence, integration into the local community.Research methods: comparative legal, logical, historical, statistical. Research material: international legal acts, federal and regional legislation on providing disabled people and children with disabilities with the opportunity to lead an independent lifestyle, data on the number of disabled people living in stationary social service organizations.Research results. A non-complex elaboration in the legislation of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of issues of providing disabled people with the opportunity to lead an independent lifestyle has been established, specific shortcomings in the legal regulation of issues of ensuring the possibility of leading an independent lifestyle of disabled people have been identified at the federal and regional levels, normative and methodological acts have been developed that made it possible to start working out issues providing conditions and mechanisms for the implementation of an independent lifestyle for disabled people in their chosen place of residence, a positive trend has been established in the introduction of new technologies for the preparation and organization of assisted living for disabled people in a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation as part of pilot projects. Based on the results obtained, the draft Concept and the Set of Measures were developed to expand the opportunities for disabled people to lead an independent lifestyle in their chosen place of residence.Conclusion. In the country, at the federal and regional levels, the implementation of the provisions of the Convention has been carried out, expanding the realization of the rights of disabled people to lead an independent life in the local community and consistently creating conditions for the disabled to lead an independent lifestyle, introducing innovative technologies for preparing people with disabilities for independent living and monitoring of their implementation.
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