Lightweight meshes appear to have advantages in terms of lesser pain and early return to normal activity. However, more patients had hernia recurrence with lightweight meshes, especially for larger hernias. We surmise that the lightweight meshes have greater tendency to get displaced from their intended position during desufflation at the conclusion of endoscopic TEP repair.

Spigelian hernia occurs through slit like defect in the anterior abdominal wall adjacent to the semilunar line. Most of spigelian hernias occur in the lower abdomen where the posterior sheath is deficient. The hernia ring is a well-defined defect in the transverses aponeurosis. The hernial sac, surrounded by extraperitoneal fatty tissue, is often interparietal passing through the transversus and the internal oblique aponeuroses and then spreading out beneath the intact aponeurosis of the external oblique. Spigelian hernia is in itself very rare and more over it is difficult to diagnose clinically. It has been estimated that it constitutes 0.12% of abdominal wall hernias. The spigelian hernia has been repaired by both conventional and laparoscopic approach. Laparoscopic management of spigelian hernia is well established. Most of the authors have managed it by transperitoneal approach either by placing the mesh in intraperitoneal position or by raising the peritoneal flap and placing the mesh in extraperitoneal space. There have also been case reports of management of spigelian hernia by total extraperitoneal approach. We retrospectively reviewed our experience of ten patients between 1997 and 2007. Eight patients (8/10) presented with abdominal pain and two patients (2/10) were asymptomatic. In six patients (6/10) we performed an intraperitoneal onlay IPOM repair, in two patients (2/10) transabdominal preperitoneal repair (TAPP), and in two (2/10) total extraperitoneal repair (TEP). There were no recurrences, or other morbidity at mean follow up period of 3.2 years (range 6 months to 10 years).

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Background Agenesis of gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly. Variable diagnostic approaches, perioperative management strategies and postoperative follow up protocols provide a dilemma to its correct diagnosis and management.

Although long-term results are necessary to determine the benefits of the procedure, early results indicate that LSG may be a safe and feasible option for treating the morbidly obese patients.

Abstract.Background: Left ventricular dysfunction (LVD), followed by fall in cardiac output is one of the major complications in some coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. The decreased cardiac output over time leads to activation of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system which results in vasoconstriction by influencing salt-water homeostasis. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in angiotensin I converting enzyme; ACE (rs4340), angiotensin II type1 receptor; AT1 (rs5186) and aldosterone synthase; CYP11B2 (rs1799998) with LVD. Methods and results:The present study was carried out in two cohorts. The primary cohort included 308 consecutive patients with angiographically confirmed CAD and 234 healthy controls. Among CAD, 94 with compromised left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF 45) were categorized as LVD. The ACE I/D, AT1 A1166C and CYP11B2 T-344C polymorphisms were determined by PCR. Our results showed that ACE I/D was significantly associated with CAD but not with LVD. However, AT1 1166C variant was significantly associated with LVD (LVEF 45) (p value = 0.013; OR = 3.69), but CYP11B2 (rs1799998) was not associated with either CAD or LVD. To validate our results, we performed a replication study in additional 200 cases with similar clinical characteristics and results again confirmed consistent findings (p value = 0.020; OR = 5.20). Conclusion: AT1 A1166C plays important role in conferring susceptibility of LVD.

BACKGROUND:The dose requirements for oral anticoagulants in thromboembolic events are influenced by promoter polymorphism in the VKORC1 gene. However, limited data are available on the influence of the polymorphism in various Indian populations. The present study aimed at determining the relationship between the VKORC1-1639 G>A genotypes and maintenance doses of oral anticoagulants for therapeutically stable INR values in patients taking Acitrom after valve replacement surgery.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Fifty patients from the northern Indian region were genotyped for VKORC1-1639 G>A by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Means of the weight-normalized daily Acitrom dose were calculated for every patient.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:The VKORC1 1639G>A minor allele frequency in the study population (n = 50) was found to be 22%. The patients with a wild type genotype required the maximum drug dose as suggested for full functionality of the enzyme. Heterozygous patients were found to have an intermediate drug dose and the patients with a variant homozygous genotype had the minimum maintenance drug dose requirement. These findings are in concurrence with the effect of the promoter polymorphism on vitamin K epoxide reductase activity.1639G>A minor allele frequency in the study population (n = 50) was found to be 22%. The patients with a wild type genotype required the maximum drug dose as suggested for full functionality of the enzyme. Heterozygous patients were found to have an intermediate drug dose and the patients with a variant homozygous genotype had the minimum maintenance drug dose requirement. These findings are in concurrence with the effect of the promoter polymorphism on vitamin K epoxide reductase activity.CONCLUSION:The VKORC1-1639 G>A status can be indicative of establishing the therapeutic dose of oral anticoagulants in Indian patients.