T h e effect of Ag addition (C-100 wt%) to Bi,~,Pb,Sr,Ca,Cu,O, (x = 0.1-1.0) was systematically studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA), electrical resistivity, change in inductance, scanning electron microscopy (sEM)and x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. T h e sample was prepared by t h e optimum thermal procedure in which t h e sintering was done at t h e endothermic peak temperature judging from the DrA curve. It was found that the 110 K phase was produced with good reproducibility by t h e lowering of the melting temperature due to the addition Of Ag. It was also found that high-T,(end) corresponded well to t h e high-T, fraction m = ZH/(ZH + ZL + 21) (H : 2223. L : 2212, I : Ca,PbO,, Ca,CuO,) defined from the result of XRD measurements.
Phase equilibria in the system CaO-Al 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 were studied to optimize nozzle composition for tundishes that are used in continuous casters of steel, by identifying the composition that minimizes clogging. Mixtures of CaO, Al 2 O 3 , and ZrO 2 with various compositions were equilibrated at 1873 and 1773 K and then quenched into water. X-ray diffraction analysis was used for phase identification, and electron probe microanalysis was employed to measure chemical compositions. On the basis of these and previous results, the eutectic and peritectic lines have been estimated. Based on the phase diagram, the optimal nozzle composition is CaO-saturated CaZrO 3 .1. The compositions of single-phase regions are experimen-
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