BackgroundAcute respiratory infections (ARIs) cause a considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide especially in children. However, there are few studies of the etiological structure of ARIs in Russia. In this work, we analyzed the etiology of ARIs in children (0–15 years old) admitted to Novosibirsk Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital in 2013–2017.MethodsWe tested nasal and throat swabs of 1560 children with upper or lower respiratory infection for main respiratory viruses (influenza viruses A and B, parainfluenza virus types 1–4, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, four human coronaviruses, rhinovirus, adenovirus and bocavirus) using a RT-PCR Kit.ResultsWe detected 1128 (72.3%) samples were positive for at least one virus. The most frequently detected pathogens were respiratory syncytial virus (358/1560, 23.0%), influenza virus (344/1560, 22.1%), and rhinovirus (235/1560, 15.1%). Viral co-infections were found in 163 out of the 1128 (14.5%) positive samples. We detected significant decrease of the respiratory syncytial virus-infection incidence in children with increasing age, while the reverse relationship was observed for influenza viruses.ConclusionsWe evaluated the distribution of respiratory viruses in children with ARIs and showed the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus in the etiological structure of infections. This study is important for the improvement and optimization of diagnostic tactics, control and prevention of the respiratory viral infections.

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Many domestic and foreign observers have claimed that Russians have a unique constellation of personality traits that mirrors their distinctive historical and cultural experience. To examine the hypothesized uniqueness of Russian personality, members of the Russian Character and Personality Survey collected data from 39 samples in 33 administrative areas of the Russian Federation. Respondents ( N = 7,065) identified an ethnically Russian adult or college-aged man or woman whom they knew well and rated the target using the Russian observer-rating version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. The mean personality profile of Russians was very similar to the international average based on 50 different countries, debunking the myth of a unique Russian soul.The small variations from world norms did not converge with depictions of Russian national character in fiction and the scholarly literature. New items intended to capture distinctive, emic aspects of Russian personality provided no new information beyond the familiar Big Five dimensions. Religion, ethnicity, and beliefs about the uniqueness of the Russian character and the malleability of personality traits had little effect on personality ratings. Perceptions of the Russian soul do not seem to be based on the personality traits of Russians.

The indigenous population of the North can efficiently preserve health and vital activity, and reproduce new generations under extreme climatic and geographic conditions due to peculiar way of life, mental features, rituals, regimes of work and rest, social and cultural traditions. Of great importance are also the clothes which are favorable for keeping heat and self-cleaning, some psycho-therapeutic factors (rituals of shamanism), animal food and vegetables. The phenotype of the adaptation reserves of an organism, northern type of metabolism, dominance of the right brain hemisphere play a great role, so does the adaptation of national mentality to the harmony of inner human state with the extreme environmental conditions of high latitudes.

В последнее время в современной литературе появляется все больше публикаций, свидетельствующих о том, что важным компонентом спонтанных срочных родов у человека является воспалительный процесс. В 1999 г. вышла работа A. Thompson и соавт. [1], в которой показана лейкоцитарная инфильтрация миометрия во время срочных самопроизвольных родов, что позволило авторам трактовать роды как воспалительный процесс. Было показано, что во время срочных родов в нижнем сегменте миометрия количество нейтрофилов увеличивается в 196 раз, макрофагов-в 7,3 раза, Т-лимфоцитов-в 15 раз [1]. Эти изменения начинаются в предродовый период. Лейкоцитарная инфильтрация выявлена как в нижнем, так и в верхнем сегментах миометрия. Был сделан вывод, что лейкоциты, инфильтрирующие миометрий при спонтанных срочных родах, играют фундаментальную роль в их индукции и сопровождении. В последующие годы эта гипотеза была неоднократно подтверждена и дополнена. К настоящему времени она из гипотезы перешла в непреложный факт [2, 3].

The relationship between the andrological status and the anthropometric and hormonal charac teristics was studied to reveal the age related features of development of pathological states in the male sexual system in technical college students. Adolescents (147) with ages varying between 15 and 17 years were exam ined. In forty one adolescents, no deviations from the development of the genital system were revealed; 35 adolescents had delayed sexual development; in 97, various diseases of the andrological system (varicocele, phimosis, gynecomastia, testicular asymmetry, etc.) or the clinical signs of their development were detected. In 26 adolescents, delayed sexual development was associated with andrological pathology. The normal andrological status was associated with the highest rate of low values of the anthropometric parameters and indices that reflect the influence of various hormonal systems on the constitution formation, as well as marked anthropometric heterogeneity. In adolescents with andrological pathology or the clinical signs of its development, the frequency of high values was higher than that of low values for all the parameters against the background of the greatest anthropometric homogeneity in the group. The total anthropometric characteris tics of adolescents from the group with delayed sexual development occupied an intermediate position between the corresponding parameter values in adolescents from the groups with normal andrological status and andrological pathology. It was established that lower influence of the sexual system hormones during this ontogeny stage contributes not only to slowdown of the sexual maturation processes, but also to the formation of andrological pathology.

The cytokines' levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity, levels of lactoferrin, of the circulating immune complexes and the level of antibodies to antigens of the native deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are investigated. The purpose of investigation was to study the pathogenic features of clinical course of chronic lambliasis invasia at teenagers. The statistically significant hypercitokinemia owing to the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines with the highest concentration of IL-1β, IL-4, the high level of lactoferrin-protein of acute phase, the occurrence of markers of cellular damage, the high level of immune complexes and the stimulation of humoral link of immune system, the high level of antibodies to the antigen of native DNA, are registered. The obtained data may be used as additional diagnostic criteria of lambliasis invasia at teenagers.

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