This study aimed to investigate the sorption of anionic dyes (Reactive Black 5, Reactive Yellow 84, Acid Red 18, and Acid Yellow 23) by cotton fibers aminated with epichlorohydrin and ammonia water (ACFs) as well by unmodified cotton fibers (CFs). CFs and ACFs were characterized based on FTIR, elemental analysis (C/N content) and pH PZC . The effect of solution pH (pH 2-11) and contact time on the removal of dye was studied as well. The kinetic experimental data were fitted to pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intraparticle diffusion model. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed based on Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The efficiency of dye sorption on CFs was the most effective at pH 2, whereas on ACFs-at pH 3-4. ACFs and CFs changed the pH value of the sorption solution. The system tended to obtain a pH value close to the pH PZC value of the sorbent (pH PZC = 7.85 for CFs/pH PZC = 8.15 for ACFs). ACFs had a shorter dye sorption equilibrium time compared to the CFs. The sorption of dyes on cotton sorbents proceeded in 2 main phases. The best match to the experimental data was shown by the pseudo-secondary model. Having amine functional groups, the ACFs ensured far better sorption of anionic dyes than CFs did. The maximum Reactive Black 5 sorption capacity of ACFs was Q max = 36.77 mg/g, which was 1240% higher than that of CFs (Q max-= 2.74 mg/g).
In this study, we analyzed the effectiveness of sorption of dyes popular in the textile industry (Reactive Black 5, Reactive Yellow 84, Acid Yellow 23, and Acid Red 18) on aminated and non-aminated seed hulls of common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The scope of the study included: determination of the effect of pH on dye sorption effectiveness, sorption kinetics analyses (sorption equilibrium time, pseudo-first-order/pseudo-second-order model, intramolecular diffusion model), and determination of the maximum sorption capacity against dyes (Langmuir/Freundlich isotherm). The sorbent was subjected to the FTIR analysis. The sorption capacity of the aminated sunflower seed hulls against reactive dyes RB5 and RY84 accounted for 51.02 mg/g and 63.27 mg/g, respectively, and was higher by 1665% (17.6 times higher) and 1425% (15.3 times higher) compared to that of non-modified hulls. In the case of acidic dyes, Acid Yellow 23 and Acid Red 18, the sorption capacity of the aminated sunflower seed hulls reached 44.78 mg/g and 42.19 mg/g, respectively, and was higher by 1881% (19.8 times higher) and 2284% (23.8 times higher), respectively, compared to the non-modified hulls.
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