Dry skin very often accompanies other dermatoses. The condition is caused by a defect in the protective barrier of the skin, leading to a loss of water from the stratum corneum. Dry skin is rough to the touch, reddened and often accompanied by itching and susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. [1][2][3][4] Epidermis moisturization is typically determined using a corneometer: the electric capacity of the upper layers is measured to a depth of about 10-20 μm. 5 The care of dry skin is mainly based on the use of emollients containing urea and ceramides. 6 In addition, both alpha-and polyhydroxy acids, such as lactic acid (LAC) and lactobionic acid (LA), are used in home care cosmetics, at lower concentrations, and in chemical peelings, in higher concentrations. 7 An increase in skin moisture, wrinkle reduction and improved skin elasticity were observed after a 3-month application of a preparation with 12% lactic acid. 8 As PHAs do not sensitize the skin to ultraviolet radiation, they can be safely used also in summer 7 and should not cause irritation, even in people with sensitive skin. 9 Many studies have found LA to have beneficial properties for the skin. The present study evaluated the potential of gluconolactone, a cyclic ester (lactone) derivative of d-gluconic acid. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of 10% and 30% gluconolactone solution on skin hydration level.

BackgroundGluconolactone (GLA) exhibits antioxidant and moisturizing effects. It also presents soothing effects, protects elastin fibers from UV‐induced degradation, and improves the function of the skin barrier.AimsEvaluation of skin parameters such as pH, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum levels before, during, and after a series of applications of 10% and 30% GLA chemical peel in a split‐face model.Materials and MethodsThe study involved 16 female subjects. Three split‐face procedures were performed using two concentrations of GLA solution applied on two sides of the face. The skin parameters were measured before treatments and 7 days after the last procedure at four measurement sites on either side of the face, that is, on the forehead, around the eye, on the cheek, and on the nose wing.ResultsMeasurement of sebum demonstrated some statistically significant changes between sebum levels in the cheeks after a series of treatments. The pH measurement showed that the pH value was reduced after each treatment at all measurement points. The level of TEWL after treatments was significantly lower around the eyes, on the left forehead, and on the right cheek. There were no significant differences between the use of different concentrations of the GLA solution.ConclusionsThe results of the study show that GLA has a significant influence on lowering skin pH and TEWL. GLA also has seboregulatory properties.

Background:The application of polyhydroxy acids and alpha-hydroxy acids to the skin is often used in cosmetology. To enhance the effect of gluconolactone chemical peeling, a combined method including water-oxygen oxybrasion or microneedle mesotherapy can be used. Objectives:To evaluate skin parameters such as hydration, sebum, pH and TEWL after application of a 10% gluconolactone chemical peel in combination with oxybrasion and microneedling.Materials and methods: Twenty-one Caucasian women participated in the study. A series of three split face treatments was carried out at 1-week intervals. Oxybrasion was performed on the right side of the face and micro-needle mesotherapy on the left side. A 10% gluconolactone solution was applied to the entire face. Before the first and third treatments and 2 weeks after the last treatment, skin parameters were evaluated.Photographic documentation was also made before and after the treatment series. Results and conclusion: Evaluation of skin parameters using Courage & Khazaka 580Multi Probe Adapter probes (Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany) showed an increase in hydration and a decrease in sebum, pH and TEWL for both treatments. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatments. Combining chemical peeling of gluconolactone with oxybrasion and microneedle mesotherapy is a good method to seal the hydrolipid barrier and increase skin hydration.