Abstract-Smartphones, PDA, Sensors, Actuators, Phidgets and Smart Objects (i.e. objects with processing and networking capabilities) are more and more present in everyday's life. Merging all these technologies with the Internet is often described as 'Internet of Things' (IoT). In the IoT vision, Things around us provide a pervasive network of interacting and interconnected devices. However building IoT applications is a long and arduous work, reserved for specialists, requiring specific knowledges in terms of network protocols and programming languages. The lack of widespread and easy-to-configure solutions is an obstacle for the development of this area. A universal framework, offering simplification and standardization, could facilitate the emergence of this promising field in terms of applications and business. IoT needs a solid foundation for rapid, simple development and deployment of new services. In this paper, we present DLITe, a universal framework for building IoT applications over heterogeneous sets of small devices. D-LITe offers solutions for deploying application's logic, and executing it on Smart Objects despite their heterogeneity. An implementation of DLITe on tiny devices, such as TelosB motes, allows to show that our framework is realistic even with the constraints of such devices.
Service Oriented Computing (SOC) is a common way to build applications/services by composing distributed bricks of logic. Recently, the SOC paradigm has been considered for the design and implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) applications by abstracting objects as service providers or consumers. Based on this trend, we proposed in a previous work D-LITe: a lightweight RESTful virtual machine that allows ubiquitous logic description and deployment for IoT applications using Finite State Transducers (FST). Though D-LITe allows faster and more efficient application creation for heterogeneous objects, it turns out that FST design can be fastidious for inexperienced users. With that in mind, we propose in this paper BeC 3 (Behaviour Crowd Centric Composition) an innovative crowd centric architecture, grounded on D-LITe. It provides a simpler way to compose interactions between IoT components. The idea is to reverse the bottom-up approach of SOC by a rather top-down vision in which the user expresses the expected result of his application by composing behaviours that are proposed by contributors. These behaviours are deployed on each concerned component, which then act exactly as needed to fulfil their role in the composition. The crowd-Centric aspect of this platform allows a community-based design, granting a wide panel of modular and incremental interactions for a wide variety of components. Eventually, BeC 3 will give inexperienced users the ability to organise, interconnect and compose both state of the art
With the emergence of virtualization and software automation for mobile networks, network slicing is enabling operators to dynamically provision network resources tuned to suit heterogeneous service requirements. This article investigates the architectures of the Fifth Generation (5G) of mobile networks experimental prototypes with a focus on network slicing. We present some existing 5G prototypes and identify their gaps. We, then, propose an architecture and a design of a 5G microservice based prototype. Such prototype has an ability to autoconfigure radio resources for network slices using machine learning (ML) powered decisions based on real-time acquired performance metrics. Finally, we discuss some use cases on top of this prototype and their related results before concluding.
Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSAN) and permanent connections to the Internet converge to be an emerging and promising field: Machine-To-Machine (M2M) services. To take advantages of this new field, hardware and software infrastructure compliance must be verified. Services expected by M2M alter the organization of WSAN. The software design in this area can be divided into two main categories: a centralized approach (Orchestration) where a monolithic application collects data and sends orders, and a distributed approach (Choreography) in which nodes offer and use services in a collaborative way. In this paper, we study the impact of these two architectures over WSAN. First, a mathematical analysis shows the improvement offered by choreography, thanks to the use of shorter paths between nodes. Then, an application experiments these two architectural designs to measure the impact on a real testbed. Both the theoretical mathematical analysis and the real platform experiment gives better results for the Choreography in terms of network reliability and path length. Our work quantifies the benefits obtained and provides histograms and numerical results.
Facilitating the creation of Internet of Things (IoT) applications is a major concern to increase its development. D-LITe, our previous work, is a framework for that purpose. In D-LITe, Objects are considered as part of a whole application. They offer a REST web service that describes Object capabilities, receives the logic to be executed, and interacts with other stakeholders. Then, the complete application is seen as a choreography dynamically deployed on various objects. But the main issue of choreographies is the loss of coherence. Because of their unreliability, some networks used in IoT may introduce de-synchronization between Objects, leading to errors and failures. In this paper, we propose a solution to re-introduce coherence in the application, in order to keep the advantages of choreography while dealing with this main issue. An overlay of logical check-points at the application layer defines links between the coherent states of a set of objects and triggers re-synchronization messages. Correcting statements are thus spread through the network, which enables fault recovery in Choreographies. This paper ends with a comparison between the checking cost and the reliability improvement.
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