Purpose Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is the most economical additive manufacturing technique. The purpose of this paper is to describe a detailed review of this technique. Total 211 research papers published during the past 26 years, that is, from the year 1994 to 2019 are critically reviewed. Based on the literature review, research gaps are identified and the scope for future work is discussed. Design/methodology/approach Literature review in the domain of FDM is categorized into five sections – (i) process parameter optimization, (ii) environmental factors affecting the quality of printed parts, (iii) post-production finishing techniques to improve quality of parts, (iv) numerical simulation of process and (iv) recent advances in FDM. Summary of major research work in FDM is presented in tabular form. Findings Based on literature review, research gaps are identified and scope of future work in FDM along with roadmap is discussed. Research limitations/implications In the present paper, literature related to chemical, electric and magnetic properties of FDM parts made up of various filament feedstock materials is not reviewed. Originality/value This is a comprehensive literature review in the domain of FDM focused on identifying the direction for future work to enhance the acceptability of FDM printed parts in industries.
The present article is focused on investigating the influence of process parameters under compressive loading in case of reentrant auxetic structures fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM). Auxetic structures of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and poly‐lactic acid (PLA) materials are fabricated. Three process parameters of FDM namely layer thickness, raster angle, and number of contours are considered to investigate their influence on compressive strength, stiffness, and specific energy absorption (SEA). Experiments are performed on the basis of central composite design and analysis is performed using ANOVA. It is found that compressive strength of auxetic structure improves with increase in layer thickness. But with increase in raster angle, it increases first and then decreases. Compressive stiffness of structures initially decreases and then increases with increase in raster angle, while it increases with increase in number of contours. SEA of structures increases with decrease in layer thickness. Based on the analysis of experimental results, regression models are developed to predict these responses. Also, multi‐response optimization is performed to optimize strength, stiffness, and SEA. Auxetic structures failed under compressive loading are also examined using scanning electron microscope.
Purpose Auxetic structures are one type of mechanical meta-materials mainly used for energy absorption applications because of their unique negative Poisson’s ratio. This study is focused on numerical and experimental investigations of fused deposition modeling (FDM) fabricated re-entrant auxetic structures of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and poly-lactic acid (PLA) materials under compressive loading. Influence of geometric parameters, namely, re-entrant angle, height and arm-length on strength, stiffness and specific energy absorption (SEA) of auxetic structures under compressive loading. Optimization of significant parameters is also performed to maximize these responses and minimize weight and time of fabrication. Further, efforts have also been made to develop predictive models for strength, stiffness and SEA of auxetic structures. Design/methodology/approach A full factorial design of experiment is used for planning experiments. Auxetic structures of ABS and PLA are fabricated by FDM technique of additive manufacturing within the constrained range of geometric parameters. Analysis of variance is performed to identify the influence of geometric parameters on responses. To optimize the geometric parameters Gray relational analysis is used. Deformation of auxetic structures is studied under compressive loading. A numerical investigation is also performed by building nonlinear finite element models of auxetic structures. Findings From the analysis of results, it is found that re-entrant angle, height and arm-length with their interactions are significant parameters influencing responses, namely, strength, stiffness and SEA of the auxetic structures of ABS and PLA materials. Based on the analysis, statistical nonlinear quadratic models are developed to predict these responses. Optimal configurations of auxetic structure of ABS and PLA are determined to maximize strength, stiffness, SEA and minimize weight and time of fabrication. From the study of deformation of auxetic structures, it is found that ABS structures have higher energy absorption, whereas PLA structures have better stiffness. Results of finite element analysis (FEA) are found in good agreement with experimental results. Research limitations/implications The present study is limited to re-entrant type of auxetic structures of ABS and PLA materials only under compressive loading. Also, results from the present study are valid within the selected range of geometric parameters. The findings of the present study are useful in maximizing strength, stiffness and SEA of auxetic structures that have wide applications in the automotive, aerospace, sports and marine sector. Originality/value No literature is available on studying the influence of geometric parameters, namely, re-entrant angle, height and arm-length of auxetic structure on strength, stiffness and SEA under compressive loading. Also, a comparative study of feedstock materials, namely, ABS and PLA, is also not reported. The present work attempts to fulfill the above research gaps.
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