Previous studies have shown that alcohol ingestion significantly increases human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated and infected with HIV-1 in vitro. Whether the increased replication of HIV-1 observed after alcohol ingestion was due to unknown factors released from the gastrointestinal tract during alcohol ingestion or to certain metabolites produced by intestinal flora that degraded alcohol was investigated. In addition, cellular mechanisms involved in the increased replication of HIV-1 after alcohol exposure were evaluated. Twelve healthy HIV-1-seronegative subjects abstained from alcoholic beverages for >10 days. Nine were infused with 500 mg/kg ethanol (7.5% at 20 ml/kg/h) in saline, whereas 3 were infused with saline alone. Compared with saline-infused subjects, ethanol-infused subjects' PBMC exhibited significantly increased replication of HIV-1 when infected in vitro, which was associated with increased inhibition of CD8+ T lymphocytes' function by alcohol.
Sixteen crossbred beef heifers were used to determine the efficacy of serum clinical profiles as diagnostic tools for detection of early stages of locoweed toxicity and to test the ability of two mineral supplements for prevention or therapy of toxicosis. Dietary treatments were (DM basis) 1) 100% sorghum sudangrass hay, 2) 80% sorghum sudangrass hay:20% locoweed, 3) 80% sorghum sudangrass hay:20% locoweed plus 100 g of Silent Herder Mineral Mix (a mineral supplement reported to alleviate locoweed toxicity), and 4) 80% sorghum sudangrass hay:20% locoweed plus 100 g of clinoptilolite (a natural zeolite clay). Diets were fed at 1.5% of BW for 28 d, after which heifers had ad libitum access to sorghum sudangrass hay for 14 d. Jugular blood was sampled before feeding every 7 d, and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after feeding on d 28. Compared with controls, heifers fed locoweed had elevated (P less than .01) serum alkaline phosphatase activities from d 7 through 35. On d 42, alkaline phosphatase activities in heifers previously fed locoweed were lower (P less than .05) than in control heifers. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activities were elevated (P less than .01) in heifers fed locoweed from d 7 through 42 compared with control heifers. In heifers fed locoweed, serum Fe concentrations were less (P less than .01) on d 7 through 28, but no treatment effects were noted (P greater than .10) on d 35 or 42.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.