Purpose: Syphilis is an infectious disease that can cause a wide variety of ocular signs. One of the rarest manifestations of ocular syphilis is acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis (ASPPC). We report on the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features of a case diagnosed with unilateral ASPPC. Methods: A 64-year-old man presented with a sudden loss of visual acuity (VA) in the right eye. His only clinical sign was a large, geographic, yellow-white lesion centered on the right fovea. Our patient was studied with SD-OCT on presentation and during follow-up, as well as with fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, electrophysiological study, and serologic and autoimmune screening. Results: Laboratory workup revealed positive serology for active syphilis and elevated anti-beta2 glycoprotein I antibodies. SD-OCT showed a marked distortion of both the choroidal and outer retinal architecture. After treatment, best-corrected VA improved to 20/25. Pattern electroretinography displayed a severe reduction of P50 amplitude, which improved in late follow-up. Six months after presentation, VA was 20/25 and anti-beta2 glycoprotein I antibodies returned to normal levels. Conclusions: Our findings are compatible with immunologically mediated temporary physiological impairment of the neuroretina, since the changes seen by SD-OCT could not have normalized if they were due to anatomical injury. The results of our study provide clues to understanding the pathogenesis of this disease and allow us to define a characteristic temporal sequence of events in ASPPC.

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Our results suggest that both the choroidal and retinal macula are altered in Huntington's disease and may become useful biomarkers for monitoring neurodegeneration in this disease. The involvement of the choroid may also support the recent findings of vascular involvement in Huntington's disease.

Conversion to aflibercept for persistent DME resulted in functional and anatomical improvements and these outcomes were not influenced by previous bevacizumab exposure. Pre-switch CMT was a predictor of anatomical changes after aflibercept.

This paper introduces RetinaCAD, a system, for the fast, reliable and automatic measurement of the Central Retinal Arteriolar Equivalent (CRAE), the Central Retinal Venular Equivalent (CRVE), and the Arteriolar-to-Venular Ratio (AVR) values, as well as several geometrical features of the retinal vasculature. RetinaCAD identifies important landmarks in the retina, such as the blood vessels and optic disc, and performs artery/vein classification and vessel width measurement. The estimation of the CRAE, CRVE and AVR values on 480 images from 120 subjects has shown a significant correlation between right and left eyes and also between images of same eye acquired with different camera fields of view. AVR estimation in retinal images of 54 subjects showed the lowest values in people with diabetes or high blood pressure thus demonstrating the potential of the system as a CAD tool for early detection and follow-up of diabetes, hypertension or cardiovascular pathologies.