Deaths related to drug errors are common in Pakistan, but these are not accurately reported. Since medication management is the main responsibility of nurses, it is vital that they have a good understanding of high alert of medication error. Patient health care, particularly drug fortification, is the main exertion and the challenge for healthcare professionals around the world. The profession of a pharmacist is world-renowned for providing medical care to patients. Herein, we aim to assess the role of pharmacist according to medications error in Government sectors hospitals located in district Bannu Kp Pakistan. We collected a total number of 368 outdoor prescriptions from July 2011 to December 2011 from District Head Quarter Hospital, Bannu (DHQB). We found 71% of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), 32% of inapt dosage faults and 35% of management errors among them. Male patients with angina pectoris and myocardial infarction had a higher MEs ratio than female patients. According to the findings, clinical pharmacists in hospital wards must provide prompt counseling to primary care doctors during the prescription process, as well as management recommendations to nursing staff and other auxiliary medical employees.
Free radicals alter DNA, resulting in various chronic disorders, including cancer. Herbal therapy has a significant potential to block cancer progression and other chronic diseases. The Tamarix aphylla plays an essential role in the modulation of free radicals. Calotropis procera (leaves), a tropical medicinal plant, has shown protective effects against cancer progression. We have examined the antioxidant therapy of separate or combined forms of the Tamarix aphylla and Calotropis procera plant extracts. Tamarix aphylla demonstrated scavenging activity at various concentrations, including 100 microgram/ml, 500 microgram/ml, and 1000 microgram/ml (29%, 37% and 62%). The scavenging activity of Calotropis procera at various concentrations (100 microgram/ml, 500 microgram/ml, and 1000 microgram/ml) was 20%, 31% and 40% against the standard of ascorbic acid (65%, 77% and 84%). The mixture of both plant extracts displayed significant antioxidant potential at various concentrations 100 microgram/ml, 500 microgram/ml, and 1000 microgram/ml which were 45%, 64% and 78%. Our study showed that the mixture of both plants has a significant antioxidant potential by comparing individual plant extracts. Further studies are recommended to elucidate the anti-cancer potential of both plant extracts mixture using in vivo approach for tumor models.
Many diseases, including cancer and diabetes mellitus, are caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Allium sativum (Garlic) contains vitamins A, B, and C, as well as effective drugs like insulin, alliin, mineral salts, mucilages, allicin, and volatile oils. Garlic has antioxidant properties which showed a therapeutic effect on some cancer types. The overall goal of this study was to conduct pharmacological testing to assess the combined antioxidant abilities of Allium sativum (cloves) methanolic and Tamarix aphylla (leaves) extracts. The extract demonstrated garlic activities in a dose-dependent manner, with scavenging activity of 21, 32, and 39% at different concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL. The antioxidant activity of Tamarix aphylla methanolic extract was 29, 37, and 62% using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay at different concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL. However, combining extracts revealed the greatest scavenging activity at various concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL. By using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the combined methanolic extract of Tamarix aphylla and Allium sativum demonstrated substantial antioxidant activity of 45, 65, and 75% at concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL. According to our findings, the combined therapy of Tamarix aphylla and Allium sativum significantly inhibited DPPH free radicals. Tamarix aphylla and Allium sativum combined therapy may play an important role in the inhibition of free radicals that cause cancer.
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