The new scoring system was simple and relatively useful for predicting the histology of gastric SET without acquiring tissues. Prospective studies with large sample sizes are needed in the future.
ESD may be considered as a feasible treatment for undifferentiated-type EGC according to expanded indication. The therapeutic outcome of ESD in undifferentiated-type EGC is likely to be favorable, though further longer follow-up studies are needed.
Although adrenocortical tumors are common, adrenocortical carcinomas are rare. Moreover, aldosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinomas without hypertension are exceedingly rare, with only two previously reported cases.
Background:The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness of the general population and medical experts, who have participated in smoking cessation clinics, regarding electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Methods: To achieve this research purpose, we developed two separate questionnaires for each target group and recruited 756 adults and 33 medical experts. The surveys were conducted through an internet survey.
Results:The current e-cigarette users among the general population believed that their reason of using e-cigarettes was to reduce daily smoking, however, we found that there was a possibility of being exposed to more nicotine because they were dual users who used both e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes. Most e-cigarette users considered e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid, while almost all medical doctors believe that e-cigarettes were not a part of nicotine replacement therapy. There was a different awareness between the two groups about the health impacts of e-cigarettes. Almost all medical doctors answered that e-cigarettes were harmful, however, around half of e-cigarette users among the general population responded that it was harmless. Conclusion: We believe that this gap was a result of insufficient information transfer, thus, it is recommended that scientific evidence regarding e-cigarettes should be transferred rapidly and effectively to the public.
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