No abstract

In this article, dynamic reaction of waste ground rubber tire powder/PP blends with compatibilizers is extended to commercially available waste rubber Viz. Ground rubber tire and PP for the possibility of getting recycled material with good mechanical properties. In the first part of the article it was shown that the compatibility of model material/PP blends has greatly improved. In this article, extensive studies have been carried out to study the effect of compatibilizers, in-situ compatibilization of immiscible waste ground rubber tire (WGRT) powder/polyolefin blends of various concentrations was investigated by means of extrusion process using a co-rotating twin screw extruder. It was observed that addition of small amounts of compatibilizers like SEBS-g-MA to the blends of WGRT and PP-g-MA can result in better mechanical properties than the blends with isotactic PP. The blends of WGRT powder and PP-g-MA with compatibilizer have better adhesion than those of isotactic PP blends as revealed by the morphological studies using AFM and SEM. The betterment in properties can be attributed to the presence of functional group, maleic anhydride in PP-g-MA.

Waste ground rubber tire (WGRT) is a complex composite containing various elastomers, carbon black, zinc oxide, stearic acid, processing oils, and other curatives. Most of the waste ground rubber tire is composed of mainly natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) in varying proportions. Blending it with other thermoplastic materials is difficult due to the inherent thermodynamic incompatibility. But, the compatibility can be increased by making the reactive sites in WGRT with suitable chemicals under optimum condition of shearing inside a twin screw extruder and it is said to undergo a dynamic reaction inside the extruder. To understand the mechanism of dynamic reaction process of a rubber/polyolefin blend, the blending of a truck tire model material rubber with polyolefin was first tried before it was applied to waste WGRT material. It was observed that the blends of a truck tire model rubber material and PP thermoplastic are physical mixture of two incompatible polymers in which a continuous plastic phase is largely responsible for the tensile properties. The rubber particles are the dispersed phase. The large particle size and the poor adhesion of these rubber particles are believed to be liable for the poor tensile properties. In case of blends of truck tire model material with isotactic polypropylene the tensile properties are found to be lower than that of its PP-g-MA counterpart which can be attributed to the reaction of the MA with the carbon black particles. A schematic representation of the possible interactions has been proposed. The effect of addition of compatibilizers such as SEBS and SEBS-g-MA has also been studied. The tensile and TGA studies indicate that the polarity of SEBS and SEBS-g-MA induces an increase in the performance characteristics for both types of polyolefins but the intensity of this increase is higher in the PP-g-MA based blends.

No abstract

Nowadays, waste EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) increasingly has been causing significant environmental problems with increasing numbers of vehicles. From the perspective of the environment and economics, recycling is the best method to treat waste materials. This study investigated waste EPDM/PP (polypropylene) blends with waste EPDM. Waste EPDM powders were treated ultrasonically, which physically modifies the rubber particles to confer good mechanical properties. Also investigated were the relevance of the mass percentage of the dispersed phase, the influence of the geometry and rotation speeds of the screw used in extrusion, and the melting temperature of PP materials on the morphology and mechanical properties of the blend. The purpose of this study was to develop a valuable thermoplastic elastomer from waste EPDM. This study concentrated on determining the optimum conditions for producing a blend by extrusion, including parameters of screw geometry, screw rotational speed, and operating temperature.

No abstract

The surface of waste ground rubber tire (WGRT) powder has been modified with by allylamine via an ultraviolet (UV) treatment. The degree of grafting of the modified‐WRGT are confirmed by the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and surface energy measurements. And then they incorporated into the polypropylene (PP) matrix. The effects of UV radiation time, WGRT loading, and allylamine concentration on the mechanical properties of the composites are measured. Mechanical properties are influenced as a function of UV radiation time, WGRT loading, and allylamine concentrations. The chemical interactions between grafted WGRT and PP matrix are investigated by X‐ray diffraction and FTIR. They show change of the crystallinity of the PP and the chemical reaction between WGRT and the PP. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers

Blends of Polypropylene (PP) and waste ground rubber tire powder are studied with respect to the effect of ethylene—propylene—diene monomer (EPDM) and polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) compatibilizer content by using the Design of Experiments methodology, whereby the effect of the four polymers content on the final mechanical properties are predicted. Uniform design method is especially adopted for its advantages. Optimization is done using hybrid Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm technique. A rubber formulary with respect to the four ingredients are optimized having maximum tensile strength and then compared with a blend predicted to have maximum elongation at break. It is concluded that the blends show fairly good properties provided that it has a relatively higher concentration of PP-g-MA and EPDM content. SEM investigations also corroborates with the observed mechanical properties. A quantitative relationship is then shown between the material concentration and the mechanical properties as a set of contour plots, which are then tested and confirmed experimentally to conform to the optimum blend ratio.