The combination of H. pylori infection and elevated HbA1c is associated with an increased risk of colon adenoma.

s u m m a r yBackground: To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of add-on sitagliptin in elderly Taiwanese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus who have inadequate glycemic control to existing oral antidiabetic agents (OADs) combination regimens. Methods: Patients were randomized to receive the existing OAD combinations or add-on with sitagliptin (100 mg daily) for 24 weeks. We measured HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, 2-hours postprandial plasma glucose, body mass index, and recorded the hypoglycemic episodes before and after 24 weeks of adding sitagliptin 100 mg once daily to existing maximal dose of OAD combination therapy for 24 weeks. Results: Compared with the change of 0.0% (95% confidence interval: À0.6% to 0.5%) from a baseline of 10.0% in the controlled arm, HbA1c change from a mean baseline of 9.5% was À1.14% AE 1.18 after add-on sitagliptin. Confirming significant differences (p < 0.0001), sitagliptin was generally well tolerated in all study patients. The between-groups difference in body mass index was not significant after 24 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: In elderly Taiwanese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control from OAD combination, the addition of sitagliptin provided significant HbA1c lowering the efficacy over 24 weeks.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the accumulation of fat (mainly triglycerides) within hepatocytes. Approximately 20%-30% of adults in the general population in developed countries have NAFLD; this trend is increasing because of the pandemicity of obesity and diabetes, and is becoming a serious public health burden. Twenty percent of individuals with NAFLD develop chronic hepatic inflammation [nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)], which can be associated with the development of cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma in a minority of patients. And thus, the detection and diagnosis of NAFLD is important for general practitioners. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD and confirming the presence of NASH. However, the invasiveness of this procedure limits its application to screening the general population or patients with contraindications for liver biopsy. The development of noninvasive diagnostic methods for NAFLD is of paramount importance. This review focuses on the updates of noninvasive diagnosis of NAFLD. Besides, we review clinical evidence supporting a strong association between NAFLD and the risk of cardiovascular disease because of the cross link between these two disorders.

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