Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has been increasingly used to diagnose clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) because of its growing availability and its ability to combine anatomical and functional data. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion imaging provides MRI information with TRUS images for prostate biopsies. This technique combines the superior sensitivity of MRI for targeting suspicious lesions with the practicality and familiarity of TRUS. MRI-TRUS fusion image-guided prostate biopsy is performed with different types of image registration (rigid vs. elastic) and needle tracking methods (electromagnetic tracking vs. mechanical position encoders vs. image-based software tracking). A systematic review and meta-analysis showed that MRI-targeted biopsy detected csPCa at a significantly higher rate than did TRUS-guided biopsy, while it detected significantly fewer cases of insignificant PCas. In addition to the high accuracy of MRI-targeted biopsy for csPCa, localization of csPCa is accurate. The ability to choose the route of biopsy (transperineal vs. transrectal) is required, depending on the patients' risk and the location and size of suspicious lesions on mpMRI. Fusion image-guided prostate biopsy has the potential to allow precise management of prostate cancer, including active surveillance, radical treatment, and focal therapy.
To evaluate functional outcomes over a year for benign prostatic hyperplasia treated with thulium laser enucleation of the prostate or bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate. Methods: In this study, we prospectively included 140 patients who were treated for benign prostatic hyperplasia from April 2017 to February 2019. A randomization list was used for non-blind assignment to treatment groups (thulium laser enucleation of the prostate or bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate). The International Prostate Symptom Score, International Prostate Symptom Score quality of life, Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, uroflowmetry and International Index of Erectile Function-5 were used for the assessment of outcomes. Scores were taken before treatment, and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after treatment. Results: Preoperatively, characteristics of patients in the thulium laser enucleation of the prostate group (n = 70) and the bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate group (n = 70) did not significantly differ. The thulium laser enucleation of the prostate group had a lower median decrease in hemoglobin (0.10 g/dL vs 0.69 g/dL, P < 0.0001) and shorter median catheterization (2 days vs 3 days, P < 0.0001) than the bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate group. Both groups had significantly improved International Prostate Symptom Score, International Prostate Symptom Score quality of life, Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, maximum flow rate and residual urine compared with preoperative values. In the thulium laser enucleation of the prostate group, erectile function was significantly impaired at 1 month post-treatment compared with pretreatment, but improved to baseline at 3 months; however, the transurethral resection of the prostate group did not recover. However, total energy (P = 0.001) and laser irradiation time (P = 0.025) were significantly different between the patients who had preserved erectile function and those who did not after the treatment in the thulium laser enucleation of the prostate group. Conclusions: Thulium laser enucleation of the prostate is superior to bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate in resection efficacy, hemostasis, catheterization time and preservation of erectile function. However, excessive laser irradiation time in thulium laser enucleation of the prostate has the possibility to delay improvement of overactive bladder symptoms and decrease sexual function.
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