Chlorogenic (5-CQA), 1,5-, 3,5-, 4,5-and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic (DCQA) acids were identified and quantified in the methanol extracts of Inula oculus-christi L., I. bifrons L., I. aschersoniana JANKA var. aschersoniana, I. ensifolia L., I. conyza (GRIESS.) DC. and I. germanica L. by HPLC analysis. The amount of 5-CQA varied from 5.48 to 28.44 mg/g DE and the highest content was detected in I. ensifolia. 1,5-DCQA (4.05-55.25 mg/g DE) was the most abundant dicaffeoyl ester of quinic acid followed by 3,5-DCQA, 4,5-DCQA and 3,4-DCQA. The extract of I. ensifolia showed the highest total phenolic content (119.92 � 0.95 mg GAE/g DE) and exhibited the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity (69.41 � 0.55 %). I. bifrons extract was found to be the most active sample against ABTS * + (TEAC 0.257 � 0.012 mg/mL) and the best tyrosinase inhibitor. The studied extracts demonstrated a low inhibitory effect towards acetylcholinesterase and possessed low cytotoxicity in concentration range from 10 to 300 μg/mL toward non-cancer (MDCK II) and cancer (A 549) cells. Figure 2. HPLC chromatograms of the studied extracts and standard mixture.[a] Results are presented as mean � SD from three replicates (n = 3). Means in the columns with the same letter are not significantly different from each other (p > 0.05) (t-test).
The phytochemical composition of essential oils and extracts of Tanacetum haussknechtii were investigated with GC-FID-MS and LC-MS/MS techniques and evaluated against oxidation, acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, and α-amylase enzymes. The major volatile constituents of T. haussknectii were found to be αand β-pinene, and borneol. Caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoids were detected in the aqueous, alcohol, and ethyl acetate extracts. In DPPH assay, the methanol extracts exhibited the highest activity. TEAC assay resulted with superiority of all methanol and the capitula ethyl acetate extract. In β-carotene bleaching assay, linoleic acid was the best protected by the ethyl acetate extract of flower. The flower oil inhibited higher acetylcholinesterase activity than the remaining extracts. The flower ethyl acetate extract was found as the most effective inhibitor of α-amylase. The herb and the leaf+stem water extracts possess highest inhibitory effect on tyrosinase.
ARTICLE HISTORY
Hexane extracts of Heracleum verticillatum, H. sibiricum, H. angustisectum, and H. ternatum were studied for their furanocoumarin content antioxidant potential and acetylcholinesterase and α‐amylase inhibitory activities. Quantification of the furanocoumarins was performed by 1H‐NMR. Pimpinellin was found to be the main component in the roots of all studied species. Bergapten and imperatorin were the major compounds in the fruits of H. sibiricum and H. verticillatum, respectively, while byakangelicol dominated in H. angustisectum and H. ternatum fruits. The leaf and fruit extracts of H. angustisectum demonstrated the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and TEAC (IC50 0.58 mg/mL and 1.83 mm, respectively). The root extracts of H. verticillatum and H. angustisectum were found to be the most effective against acetylcholinesterase (IC50 0.30 and 0.34 mg/mL, respectively). The studied extracts were not active or demonstrated a weak inhibitory effect (%Inh. up to 29.7) towards α‐amylase.
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