In an attempt to investigate the turfgrass and playing quality characteristics of some newly introduced warm season turf grasses and traditional cool season sports turf mixture, classical and contemporary techniques were imposed on the turfgrass experimental plots of the research area of Department of Field Crops, Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, Bornova/Izmir/Turkey. Some warm season turfgrasses (Cynodon dactylon cv. SR9554, Cynodon dactylon x Cynodon transvaalensis cv. Tifway-419, Paspalum vaginatum cv. Sea Spray and Zoysia japonica cv. Zenith) and traditional cool season sports turf mixture were tested in terms of visual turf quality and playing quality traits (ball rebound, ball roll and shock absorption) on a monthly and seasonal bases for three years under Mediterranean environmental conditions. Significant variations were determined among the turfgrass alternatives in all traits except years. It was concluded that Tifway-419 and Sea Spray turf grasses were the most successful and promising alternatives compared to the other options under Mediterranean environmental conditions.
The sustainability of warm-season turfgrass species in winter dormancy is a major concern in Mediterranean ecology. The concept of overseed a lawn has been still new for many developing countries such as Turkey as part of a regular maintenance. Therefore, a 2-year study was conducted at the experimental fields of Ege University, Izmir/Turkey during 2014-2016 years to compare the effects of four different overseeding times (September 15, September 30, October 15 and October 30) on four warm season turfgrass species (Cynodon dactylon cv. SR9554, Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis cv. Tifway-419, Paspalum vaginatum cv. Sea Spray and Zoysia japonica cv. Zenith) by measuring visual turf quality (1-9 score) and some related characteristics as texture (mm), cover (1-9 score), weed infestation (1-9 score) and colour (1-9 score). ‘50% cv. Troya+50% cv. Esquire’ perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) mixture was used for overseeding in trial. According to results, visual turf quality performance of 6.0 scores and above were obtained from all treatments. We concluded that October 15 should be most suitable time for overseeding applications. Additionally, L. perenne L. can be practiced successfully in Mediterranean region in order to eliminate the concerns of warm-season turfgrasses in the winter dormancy period observed in cold temperatures. Highlights - No gaps were formed in plots and high coverage degrees were maintained during overseeding periods in all treatments. - Homogeneous spring transition was occurred from Lolium perenne L. to warm-season turfgrass species in all overseeding times. - Visual turf quality performance of 6.0 scores and above which is acceptable level were obtained from all overseeding times. - Better results were obtained from overseeding applications on Paspalum vaginatum and Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis. - The different results among the warm-season turfgrass species can provide effective information for future research studies.
Son yıllarda üreticilerin çim ve yem bitkilerine olan ilgisinin artması nedeniyle, bu bitkiler ile ilgili çalışmalar da artış göstermiştir. Bu bitkilerinin pek çok özelliği incelenmesine rağmen, bitkilerin tohumlarına ait fiziksel özellikleriyle ilgili yeterli araştırma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma, 2016-2017 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Bitkisel materyal olarak; yem bitkileri tohumluğu ticareti yapan kuruluşlardan 6 farklı İtalyan çimi (Lolium multiflorum L.) bitki çeşidi (Caramba, Efe-82, Pollanum, Rambo, Trinova ve Vespolini) temin edilmiş ve kullanılmıştır. Bu tohumlara ait bazı fiziksel (şekil-boyut, yüzey alanı, ortalama geometrik çap, ortalama aritmetik çap, küresellik ve bin dane ağırlığı) özellikler incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre; tohumların yüzey alanı değerlerinin 1.65 mm 2 ve 2.38 mm 2 ; ortalama geometrik çap değerlerinin 3.45 mm ve 5.47 mm; ortalama aritmetik çap değerlerinin 1.84 mm ve 2.14 mm; küresellik değerlerinin 1.14 mm ve 1.55 mm ve bin dane ağırlığı değerlerinin 1.92 g ve 5.06 g arasında değiştiği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca TOTEMSTAT programı kullanılarak korelasyon analizi yapılmış, çıkan sonuçlara göre incelenen özellikler arasında olumlu ve önemli ilişkiler bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Determination of Some Physical Properties of Annual Ryegrass Seeds (Lolium multiflorum L.
With increasing interest in the development of sustainable agriculture in semi-aird regions, low input land use systems are enhanced to be considered as an option on low production site. Amount of soil losses, erosion is an environmental disaster in marginal lands throughout the world. Greatly efficient rhizosphere microorganisms like VAM (vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal) are of highly importance for sustainable agriculture. They could supply unavailable soil nutrients and create formation of micro aggregates. Also they chemically enmesh and stabilize micro aggregates and smaller macro aggregates into macro aggregate structures. The majority of agricultural activities in Turkey are exposure to nutrient deficiency and soil erosion. Progressing of this problem is in relationship with poor cover of low-input sites with vegetation at drought conditions. Our goal was to apply VAM for low-input vegetation in terms of improving soil nutrients supply and protect soil structure stability. Trap cultures provide a non-molecular approach to baiting cryptic species of VAM present in plant communities. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in selected habitats using trap culture methodology. In trap culture, we will study the rate of root colonization by VAM as highest and lowest inocula or capability of selected VAM species to symbiosis with other soil bacterial species to nutrients supply and soil aggregation in low-input sites. Based on this situation, it is purpose of this study to combination of classical and molecular methods in order of elucidate VAM species with important soil nutrition and structure stability.
Overseeding is an essential management practice for turf cultivation in winter. Warm-season turfgrasses must be overseeded with cool-season turfgrass in the fall to provide green colour and maintain suitable playing surfaces by preventing wear on the dormant warm-season turfgrass throughout the winter months. The cool-season turfgrass species selected for overseeding affect the success or failure of the process in different ways via interaction with environmental conditions. A 2-year research study was conducted at the experimental areas of the Field Crops Department, Agriculture Faculty, Ege University in Izmir/Turkey during 2016-2018. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the overseeding performances of seashore paspalum cv. Sea Spray with different ryegrass (Lolium) species (diploid perennial ryegrass cv. Sun, tetraploid perennial ryegrass cv. Tetragreen, annual ryegrass cv. Axcella, intermediate ryegrass cv. TransAm), and determine the most suitable seeding rates (50, 75, 100 g m-2) for the Mediterranean climate. In the study, the evaluation of turf performance traits such as colour, visual turf quality, cover, fall and spring transition was conducted in both years. Additionally, some football playing quality traits, including ball rebound, force reduction, and vertical deformation were measured during the research periods. According to the results, tetraploid perennial ryegrass cv. Tetragreen and diploid perennial ryegrass cv. Sun generally performed better than the others. Concerning the overseeding rate, 75 or 100 g m-2 applications are recommended as the most suitable for obtaining good turfgrass quality and football playability.
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