This research aimed to explore antibacterial activity of Fibraurea tinctora Lour. extracted by ethanol and hot water. The treatments of study consisted of six levels of F. tinctora plant extract (0 %, 0.625 %, 1.25 %, 2.50 %, 5.00 % and 10.0 %, respectively) either using ethanol or hot water, resulting in 12 experimental treatments according to 6 × 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Each of the treatment was replicated three times. Results of this research showed that either ethanol or hot water F. tinctora extract have potency to control farm pathogenic bacteria. In the lowest concentration (0.625 %) both extract significantly inhibited bacteria growth (Minimum Inhibition Concentration). The highest antibacterial activity was in group that had the highest concentration (10 %) of extract in both of the bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus were more susceptible to the F. tinctora extract than Escherichia coli. Result from spectrophotometry UV-vis assessments showed that the total composition of tannin, alkaloid, and saponin from ethanol extract of F. tinctoria is higher than its water based extract. Meanwhile, phenol composition of water-based extract from F. tinctoria is higher than from ethanol extract.
The water is very important to human lives. The best and most appropriate way to have an adequate supply of water is to use solar energy to drive pumps instead of using fossil energy. This research was conducted as a comparative study of a conventional submersible AC motor-pump driven by a photovoltaic system using two types of AC motor which are single-phase and three-phase submersible water pumps. The performance of the system was measured according to the standard test procedure in IEC 62253: 2011 while the depth of the well was simulated by an adjustable pump discharge pressure and a pump installed in a predetermined location of 40 meters. The results showed that the three-phase pump supplied more water and has a good response as indicated by a low irradiance of approximately 75 Watt/m 2 in the morning, around 06.15 AM which runs the pump motor effectively while the one-phase pump required a higher irradiance of 750 Watt/m 2 at around 10.30 A.M. Moreover, the PVWPS system with the three-phase pump also had higher efficiency and PR values with 0.64 and 0.40598 respectively than the system with the single-phase with 0.48 and 0.21388.
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