Background To investigate the thicknesses of macular inner retinal layers in children with anisometropic amblyopia through spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods Thirty-seven children with anisometropic amblyopia and fifty-seven children with normal vision participated in the study. Both eyes of children with amblyopia and the right eyes of children with normal vision underwent scanning with the Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). The segmentation of retinal layers was performed automatically to measure individual inner retinal layers in the five sectors of the macula. An independent-sample t-test was used to compare measurements of anisometropic eyes and fellow eyes with control eyes. Results There was no significant difference in the total macular thickness in the five sectors between amblyopic and control eyes. However, in the peripheral macular area, three of the four quadrants of both the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the inner plexiform layer (IPL) thickness were significantly reduced in amblyopic eyes than in control eyes. Moreover, two of the four quadrants of the GCL thickness and three of the four quadrants of the IPL thickness in the peripheral macular area were significantly reduced in fellow eyes than in control eyes. Conclusions The SD-OCT data revealed differences in the thicknesses of some macular inner retinal layers in both eyes of children with anisometropic amblyopia compared with those with emmetropia, indicating that structural changes might exist in the retina of children with amblyopia.
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