The current study set out to determine the effect of diving on several physiological variables and stem cells in commercial divers for various years. Twelve divers and six non-divers were divided into three groups: 11 non-divers (1st group), two divers with a diving history of 5-6 years (2nd group), and three divers with a diving history of 9-10 years (3rd group). Physiological measurements of pulse, blood pressure, dynamic breathing functions, stem cells CD34 + , and cortisol were performed before and after physical exertion during a day dive at a depth of 25-30 meters in the pressure room. The results showed a significant difference in pulse, blood pressure, stem cells, and cortisol, while no change in dynamic breathing functions after exertion. Further, diving for different years may positively affect biological changes of stem cells CD34 + in the adaptation process but may harm dynamic breathing functions. Therefore, periodic lung function evaluation should be encouraged to check for potential harm to divers. In our conclusion, diving for different years may have a positive effect on biological changes of stem cells CD34 + in the adaptation process, while a negative effect may be induced in a dynamic breathing function. Periodic lung function evaluation should be encouraged to monitor potential harm to the divers.
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