BackgroundSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL) have been shown to influence metabolism related to lipid phenotypes. Dietary factors have been shown to modify the association between LPL SNPs and lipids; however, to date, there are no studies in South Asians. Hence, we tested for the association of four common LPL SNPs with plasma lipids and examined the interactions between the SNPs and dietary factors on lipids in 1,845 Asian Indians.MethodsThe analysis was performed in 788 Type 2 diabetes cases and 1,057 controls randomly chosen from the cross-sectional Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study. Serum triacylglycerol (TAG), serum total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured using a Hitachi-912 autoanalyzer (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The SNPs (rs1121923, rs328, rs4922115 and rs285) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction enzyme digestion and 20% of samples were sequenced to validate the genotypes obtained. Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows version 22.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis.ResultsAfter correction for multiple testing and adjusting for potential confounders, SNPs rs328 and rs285 showed association with HDL-C (P = 0.0004) and serum TAG (P = 1×10−5), respectively. The interaction between SNP rs1121923 and fat intake (energy %) on HDL-C (P = 0.003) was also significant, where, among those who consumed a high fat diet (28.4 ± 2.5%), the T allele carriers (TT + XT) had significantly higher HDL-C concentrations (P = 0.0002) and 30% reduced risk of low HDL-C levels compared to the CC homozygotes. None of the interactions on other lipid traits were statistically significant.ConclusionOur findings suggest that individuals carrying T allele of the SNP rs1121923 have increased HDL-C levels when consuming a high fat diet compared to CC homozygotes. Our finding warrants confirmation in prospective studies and randomized controlled trials.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0155-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The prevalence of diabetes is rising rapidly in all developing countries and India already has the largest number of people with diabetes. Evidence for the rising prevalence of diabetes in India comes from recent population-based studies such as the Chennai Urban Population Study (n = 1,262) and the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (n = 26,001). These two studies revealed that the current age-standardized prevalence of diabetes in Chennai in adults >/=20 years of age is 14.3%, which is 70% higher than that seen in the year 1989 (8.3%). In the Chennai Urban Population Study, we observed that the higher-income group who consumed excess fat and calorie-rich food had an increased prevalence of diabetes compared to the lowerincome group. There was also a linear increase in the prevalence of diabetes with an increase in visible fat consumption. In addition, we observed that visible fat consumption and physical inactivity showed a cumulative effect on increasing the prevalence of diabetes. We carried out gene-diet interaction studies, which revealed that the adiponectin gene polymorphism (+10211T - G) contributed to insulin resistance and diabetes and this was exaggerated in those consuming diets with higher glycemic loads. These subjects also had an increased risk for hypoadiponectinemia. Similarly, the Ala54Thr polymorphism of the fatty acid-binding protein 2 gene showed a synergistic effect with a high glycemic load increasing the risk for hypertriglyceridemia. These studies indicate that gene-diet interactions could play a major role in increasing the risk for diabetes. However, given the imprecision in measuring dietary intake, very large sample sizes would be needed for meaningful conclusions to be drawn.

Background: The infection with Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in humans. The prevalence of this infection has been reported to be between 2 to 8%, depending on the different socio-cultural conditions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of T. vaginalis in the women who were referred to the gynaecologic clinics at the MVJ medical college, Bangalore, India.Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 750 women who were referred to the gynaecologic clinics from October 2010 to September 2012. Vaginal samples were obtained from them and they were examined by wet mount and culture methods for the detection of T. vaginalis.Results: Sixteen out of the 750 vaginal swab specimens (2.1%)

No abstract

No abstract