Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of pain due to arthritis in women. Its high prevalence especially in the postmenopausal women, and the high rate of disability associated with the disease makes it a diagnostic and therapeutic priority. A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in Burdwan Medical College, West Bengal, India on 76 postmenopausal women aged 45-70 years suffering from Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint, which was diagnosed from symptoms, clinical examinations and radiographic findings. 150 subjects undergoing knee joint arthroscopy for chronic knee pain, meniscal tears or anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were taken as control .Synovial fluid malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured as an index of synovial fluid lipid peroxidation. The width of knee joint space was measured from the radiographic plates to assess the disease severity. Knee joint radiographs were evaluated with the Kellgren-Lawrence grading scale .Furthermore both were correlated with oxidative stress parameters ,synovial fluid MDA levels to find out possible association between the oxidative stress induced damage and the disease progression. Results showed that there was a significant increase in MDA levels in patients with knee joint osteoarthritis as compared to the controls. Synovial MDA showed positive correlation with Kellgren-Lawrence grading and negative correlation with knee joint space width. The joint space width decreased and synovial MDA increase with increasing Kellgren-Lawrence grad.
Aim: To evaluate the role of intravitreal Ranibizumab injection at monthly interval for six doses along with single dose of intravitreal dexamethasone implant at first sitting of Ranibizumab in patients with refractory diabetic macular edema (DME).Methodology: Thirty eyes of 30 patients were selected in our Malda medical college with refractory DME. After proper history taking and required systemic examinations, each patient underwent detailed ophthalmic examination, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure measurement, slit lamp examination, fundal evaluation by indirect ophthalmoscopy, 78D, 90D lens. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has been used to evaluate central macular thickness (CMT) in each patient. After proper informed consent, 0.05 mg Ranibizumab along with 0.7 mg dexamethasone implant were injected intravitreally in each patient at first sitting, followed by intravitreal Ranibizumab for five more doses at one month interval, and all baseline investigations were repeated at one month after the first sitting as well as one month after the last dose of intravitreal Ranibizumab.Results: Postoperatively, 21 patients out of 30 had shown encouraging results as far as both improvement in BCVA and reduction in central macular thickness (CMT) were concerned.Conclusion: Intravitreal Ranibizumab combined with intravitreal dexamethasone implant might be a useful tool to deal with refractory diabetic macular edema (DME).
Introduction:Lymph nodes are an integral component of the immune system and their enlargement is commonly noted in clinical practice in a wide spectrum of diseases, including infections like tuberculosis and malignancy. FNAC is an important diagnostic tool for rapid evaluation of mainly superficial lesions, especially of lymph nodes. It is cost effective, relatively less traumatic, and enables the pathologist to provide the clinician with a diagnosis in a very short time, and hence is ideal especially for OPD patients. Objectives: 1. To study the age and sex distribution of the patients of FNAC of peripheral lymph node. 2. To study the spectrum of diseases diagnosed on FNAC of peripheral lymph nodes. Methods: Cross-sectional hospital based Observational study. Total 50 patients who had superficial lymphadenopathy were included in this study. Male patients were 21 (42%) and Female patients were 29 (58%). FNAC was performed on this 50 patients. Diagnosis was made by light Microscopy. Result was tabulated and statistical analysis was done. Results: Male patients were 21 (42%) and Female patients were 29 (58%). 50 % patients were in the age group of 21 to 40 years. Reactive hyperplasia was 46% and Granulomatous lymphadenitis was 18%. Cervical lymph nodes were most commonly involved. Conclusion: FNAC is a simple, quick, low cost, minimally invasive and easy diagnostic procedure which is very much helpful in the diagnosis of diseases causing superficial lymphadenopathy in all age groups. Reactive hyperplasia of lymph node was the most common cytological diagnosis followed by Granulomatous lymphadenitis.
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