A hexaphenylbenzene-based receptor 3 has been synthesized that forms a fluorescent spherical aggregate in mixed aqueous media due to its aggregation-induced emission enhancement attributes. These fluorescent spherical aggregates show ratiometric response toward cyanide ions via nucleophilic addition and undergo deaggregation to form smaller nanoaggregates. In addition, the solution-coated paper strips of 3 can detect cyanide ions in the range of ∼2.6 ng/cm(2), thus, providing a simple, portable, and low-cost method for detection of cyanide ions in aqueous media. Receptor 3 also behaves as a set-reset memorized sequential logic circuit with chemical inputs of CN(-) ions and trifluoroacetic acid or H(+) (pH ≤ 3).
Fluorescent nanorods formed by self-assembly of hexaphenylbenzene derivative in the presence of cyanide ions serve as a sensitive colorimetric and fluorogenic sensor for the detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT) at the attogram (10(-18) g) level with a detection limit of 10.21 ppq (parts per quadrillion).
The
donor–acceptor system 4 having pyrazine
scaffold as an acceptor moiety coupled to donor amino groups through
rotatable phenyl rings has been synthesized, which formed aggregates
in aqueous media, exhibited copper induced restriction to intramolecular
rotation, and served as a “not quenched” probe for the
detection of copper(II) ions. During this process, the aggregates
of derivative 4 acted as reactors and stabilizers for
the generation of CuO NPs and themselves became oxidized to form polyamine
derivative 6. Interestingly, the oxidized species 6 in combination with copper oxide nanoparticles served as
light-harvesting antennas and exhibited excellent photocatalytic efficiency
in Sonogashira coupling under mild and eco-friendly conditions (room
temperature, aqueous media, aerial conditions, and visible light irradiation).
Hetero-oligophenylene
derivative 3 appended with thiophene
moieties has been designed and synthesized which undergoes aggregation
to form J-type fluorescent aggregates in in H2O/THF (7/3) media. These aggregates served as reactors for
the preparation of bimetallic Au-Fe3O4 NPs.
During the reduction process, aggregates of derivative 3 were oxidized to the polythiophene species 4. Interestingly,
the polythiophene species 4, having a fibrous morphology,
served as a shape- and morphology-directed template for assembly of
bimetallic Au-Fe3O4 NPs in a flower-like arrangement.
Furthermore, polythiophene-encapsulated bimetallic 4:Au-Fe3O4 nanohybrid materials served as an efficient
and recyclable catalytic system for C(sp2)–H bond
activation of unprotected electron-rich anilines for the construction
of synthetically versatile quinoline carboxylates via C–H activation,
carbonylation, and subsequent annulation under mild and eco-friendly
conditions (aqueous media, room temperature, visible-light irradiation,
and aerial conditions).
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