We investigated the protective effect of a natural polyphenol, magnolol, on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells under oxidative stress, and during aging. Our results showed the sensitivity of S. cerevisiae antioxidant gene deficient mutants (sod1∆, sod2∆, cta1∆, ctt1∆, gtt2∆ and tsa1∆) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and menadione stress was rescued by magnolol as demonstrated in spot and colony forming unit counts. Yeast cells pretreated with magnolol showed decreased intracellular oxidation, lipid peroxidation and an increased level of reduced glutathione. Further, SOD1, CTA1 and GTT2 gene expression was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and was found that magnolol significantly attenuated the upregulation of SOD1 and CTA1 genes under oxidative stress. Finally, longevity of the wild type and sod1 mutant cells were extended by magnolol, and also enhance stress resistance against oxidant stress during chronological aging.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that play key roles in regulating gene expression in animals, plants, and viruses, which involves in biological processes including development, cancer, immunity, and host-microorganism interactions. In this present study, we have used the computational approach to identify potent miRNAs involved in Anopheles gambiae immune response. Analysis of 217,261 A. gambiae ESTs and further study of RNA folding revealed six new miRNAs. The minimum free energy of the predicted miRNAs ranged from -27.2 to -62.63 kcal/mol with an average of -49.38 kcal/mol. While its A + U % ranges from 50 to 65 % with an average value of 57.37 %. Phylogenetic analysis of the predicted miRNAs revealed that aga-miR-277 was evolutionary highly conserved with more similarity with other mosquito species. Observing further the target identification of the predicted miRNA, it was noticed that the aga-miR-2304 and aga-miR-2390 are involved in modulation of immune response by targeting the gene encoding suppressin and protein prophenoloxidase. Further detailed studies of these miRNAs will help in revealing its function in modulation of A. gambiae immune response with respect to its parasite.
This study evaluates the protective effect of astaxanthin against dichlorvos cytotoxicity in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Dichlorvos induce a dose-dependent cytotoxicity in yeast cells, which is mediated by oxidative stress. Our experimental results showed pre-treatment with astaxanthin enhances cell viability by 20-30% in yeast cells exposed to dichlorvos. A decrease in DCF fluorescence intensity and lipid peroxidation, increased SOD activity, and glutathione levels in astaxanthintreated cells indicate that astaxanthin protected the cells against dichlorvos-induced oxidative stress. Reduced chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation in astaxanthin pre-treated cells also indicate that astaxanthin rescued the cells from dichlorvos-induced apoptosis. Our overall results suggest that dichlorvos induces oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity in yeast cells, and that was rescued by astaxanthin pre-treatment.
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