The Transporter Classification Database (TCDB; tcdb.org) is a freely accessible reference resource, which provides functional, structural, mechanistic, medical and biotechnological information about transporters from organisms of all types. TCDB is the only transport protein classification database adopted by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) and now (October 1, 2020) consists of 20 653 proteins classified in 15 528 non-redundant transport systems with 1567 tabulated 3D structures, 18 336 reference citations describing 1536 transporter families, of which 26% are members of 82 recognized superfamilies. Overall, this is an increase of over 50% since the last published update of the database in 2016. This comprehensive update of the database contents and features include (i) adoption of a chemical ontology for substrates of transporters, (ii) inclusion of new superfamilies, (iii) a domain-based characterization of transporter families for the identification of new members as well as functional and evolutionary relationships between families, (iv) development of novel software to facilitate curation and use of the database, (v) addition of new subclasses of transport systems including 11 novel types of channels and 3 types of group translocators and (vi) the inclusion of many man-made (artificial) transmembrane pores/channels and carriers.

Upon discovery of the first archaeal species in the 1970s, life has been subdivided into three domains: Eukarya, Archaea, and Bacteria. However, the organization of the three-domain tree of life has been challenged following the discovery of archaeal lineages such as the TACK and Asgard superphyla. The Asgard Superphylum has emerged as the closest archaeal ancestor to eukaryotes, potentially improving our understanding of the evolution of life forms. We characterized the transportomes and their substrates within four metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), that is, Odin-, Thor-, Heimdall- and Loki-archaeota as well as the fully sequenced genome of Candidatus Prometheoarchaeum syntrophicum strain MK-D1 that belongs to the Loki phylum. Using the Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) as reference, candidate transporters encoded within the proteomes were identified based on sequence similarity, alignment coverage, compatibility of hydropathy profiles, TMS topologies and shared domains. Identified transport systems were compared within the Asgard superphylum as well as within dissimilar eukaryotic, archaeal and bacterial organisms. From these analyses, we infer that Asgard organisms rely mostly on the transport of substrates driven by the proton motive force (pmf), the proton electrochemical gradient which then can be used for ATP production and to drive the activities of secondary carriers. The results indicate that Asgard archaea depend heavily on the uptake of organic molecules such as lipid precursors, amino acids and their derivatives, and sugars and their derivatives. Overall, the majority of the transporters identified are more similar to prokaryotic transporters than eukaryotic systems although several instances of the reverse were documented. Taken together, the results support the previous suggestions that the Asgard superphylum includes organisms that are largely mixotrophic and anaerobic but more clearly define their metabolic potential while providing evidence regarding their relatedness to eukaryotes.

Objective: to estimate the dynamic of physical capacity (PC) and quality of life (QoL) in recipients after heart transplantation (HTx). Methods: We analyzed the data collected from January 2010 to December 2019 where 131 heart transplant patients (mean age -47±13 year-old; 100 -male) were included. Recipients performed cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) before, 3 months, 1 and 3 years after HTx. Dynamics of VO2peak and ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2slope) were measured. Physical activity (PA) was defined by IPAQ questionnaire. We estimated the dynamic of physical (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) by SF-36 questionnaire. Results: In 3 months PC significantly increased (VO2peak -15.6±0.5 ml/min/ kg, p<0.001; VO2pred -53.8±1.7, p<0.001) and VE/VCO2slope decreased (38.2±1.1, p=0.004). Following 1 year after HTx level of PC continue improving (VO2peak -18.5±0.5 ml/min/kg, p<0.001; VO2pred -66.3±2.1, p<0.001; VE/VCO2slope -36.3±0.9, p=0.148) and results remain stable in 3 years (VO2peak -18.7±0,5, p=0.130; VO2pred -67.9±1.9, p<0.001; VE/ VCO2slope -36.8±0.9, p=0.017). According to IPAQ results, less than half of patients were physically active (3 months after HTx -39% (n=45 from 115); 1 year -46% (n=50 from 109); 3 years -48% (n=34 from 71), others preferred a sedentary lifestyle. Three months after HTx 58% reached normal values of PC, in 1 year -68% and in 3 years -66%. Physically active recipients showed better results of VO2peak than those who had sedentary lifestyle (3 months -17.0±0.8 vs. 15.2±0.5, p=0.032; 1 year -19.4±0.8 vs. 16.9±0.4, p<0.001). PCS also increased (3 months -41.4±1.1, p<0.001; 1 year -46.6±1.0, p<0.001) and in 3 years remained stable (46.6±1.0, p=0.882). At the same time in 3 months after HTx MCS improved (48.1±0.9, p=0.001) but then started to slowly decrease (1 year -46.7±0.8, p=0.064; 3 years -45.4±0.8, p=0.117). We found correlations between age and CPET results (VO2peak -3 months (r=-0.460, p<0.001), 3 years (r=-0.320, p=0.011); VE/ VCO2slope -3 months (r=0.419, p<0.001), 1 year (r=0.381, p=0.001), 3 years ((r=0.355, p=0.005)) and PCS (3 months -r=-0.391, p<0.001; 1 year -r=-0.341, p<0.001; 1 year -r=-0.363, p=0.002). There were correlations between VO2peak and donors' age (1 year -r=-0.318, p=0.006; 3 years -r=-0.337, p=0.008) and PA (1 year -r=0.313, p=0.006; 3 years -r=-0.337, p=0.008). The levels of PCS correlated with VO2peak (3 months -r=0.366, p=0.005; 1 year -r=0.397, p<0.001; 3 years -r=0.361, p=0.006) and with VE/VCO2slope (1 year -r=-0.441, p<0.001; 3 years -r=-0.378, p=0.004). Conclusion: All heart transplant recipients improved their physical capacity and quality of life and remained levels of them stable long-term after HTx. Physically active patients showed better results while the older donor and/ or recipient's age are negative factors in reaching normal values of VO2peak.