Background: Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity and is believed to affect 6%–10% of reproductive-age women. Endometriosis within the lung parenchyma or on the diaphragm and pleural surfaces produces a range of clinical and radiological manifestations. This includes catamenial pneumothorax, hemothorax, hemoptysis, and pulmonary nodules, resulting in an entity known as thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES). Database: Computerized searches of MEDLINE and PubMed were conducted using the key words “thoracic endometriosis,” “catamenial pneumothorax,” “catamenial hemothorax,” and “catamenial hemoptysis.” References from identified sources were manually searched to allow for a thorough review. Conclusion: TES can produce incapacitating symptoms for some patients. Symptoms of TES are nonspecific, so a high degree of clinical suspicion is warranted. Medical management represents the first-line treatment approach. When this fails or is contraindicated, definitive surgical treatment for cases of suspected TES uses a combined video laparoscopy performed by a gynecologic surgeon and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery performed by a thoracic surgeon. Postoperative hormonal suppression may further reduce disease recurrence.

Objectives (CCC, 0.99; 95% CI, was better than both indentation angle (CCC, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92; 95% CI,

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Background: Mammalian sperm lose sialic acids during capacitation through unknown mechanisms.Results: Sialidases Neu1 and Neu3 are present on sperm. Their activity is required for capacitation and zona pellucida binding.Conclusion: Sperm sialidases modulate sperm surface sialic acids en route to fertilization.Significance: Understanding the mechanism of deciduous sialylation in sperm provides novel insights into sperm function and glycan-mediated fertility.