. (2003) 'Direct observation of orbital ordering in La0.5Sr1.5MnO4 using soft x-ray diraction. ', Physical review letters., 91 (16 Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.

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We have measured the resonance spectrum of glide-plane forbidden x-ray diffraction in hexagonal ZnO as a function of temperature. This is the only method to observe deformations of the electronic states caused by thermal atomic motion. The results provide the first evidence for a complex line shape in the spectrum of thermal-motion-induced scattering and the first observation of a dramatic change in resonance spectrum with temperature. The measurements are in agreement with a phenomenological model, based on a combination of constant ͑most probably dipole-quadrupole͒ and temperature-dependent amplitudes. This model provides a means of separating the two components, including their relative phase.

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